Synthesis and Characterization of Chitosan/Gum Arabic Nanoparticles for Bone Regeneration

Abstract

Chitosan /gum arabic nanoparticles (C/G)have been prepared by ionic gelation method. This was with a view to enhance the mechanical properties and its application as bone graft scaffold. The cowry shells were washed, dried, pulverized and subsequently sieved with mesh No. 60, size 250 µm. It was deproteinized, Chitin was isolated from the synthesis by demineralising in 0.5 M Hydrochloric acid, and subsequently deacetylated by the addition of 40% (W/V) of Sodium hydroxide to synthesize chitosan. The raw chitosan was purified using 2% (v/v) acetic acid solution. The synthesized chitosan and gum arabic, a product of Acacia tree, were used to prepare chitosan/gum arabic nanoparticles by ionic gelation method. Mechanical characterization was carried out on the synthesized material using universal testing machine. Analysis of the chemical composition was carried out using Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) and X-Ray fluorescence, (XRF). Furthermore, the morphology of the materials were studied using scanning electron microscopy, SEM and the dimension of the nanoparticles were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Finally, an attempt was made to ascertain its suitability for bone regeneration. The FTIR spectra result confirmed that the nanoparticle was actually a derivative of chitosan by the observed shift in the peak 3462 to 3404cm- -1 and 712 cm -1 on C/G nanoparticles spectrum were similar to the native chitosan spectrum which shows that there was no change in the main backbone of chitosan structure. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) study revealed chitosan as polymeric rods, while the chitosan /gum arabic nanoparticles in aggregate. The TEM was to confirm nanoparticles of average size of 200nm. The ultimate compressive strength was found to have increased by 78.21%, the Young Modulus by 54.4 % and percentage elongation by 7%. In overall assessment, mechanical properties of the chitosan/gum arabic nanoparticles were better than native chitosan. The study concluded that crosslinking of chitosan with gum arabic to form its nanoparticles derivative improved the mechanical properties of chitosan and consequently its application as a bone graft substitute for bone regeneration.

Polymer‐Lipid Matrices based on Carboxymethyl Cellulose/Solagum and Liposomes for Controlled Release of Folic Acid

“…The signal at 1593 cm −1 in the CMC‐LIP‐FA and CMC‐SG‐LIP‐FA indicates the presence of OH angular deformation vibrations overlapped with asymmetric stretching of the carboxylate group of pyruvate and glucuronic acid from CMC and SG. [ 35–37 ] In the region of 1458 cm −1 could be observed some asymmetric stretching vibrations of carboxylic groups of the uronic residues from solagum. [ 37 ] The presence of the band at 1417 cm −1 (Figure 3) can be ascribed from two sources: first, from the C─C group of FA and HIS, and second from carboxylic groups of CMC (Figure S1d, Supporting Information).…”

Tissue engineering of collagen scaffolds crosslinked with plant based polysaccharides

“…Normally, C-O stretching (ether) in the IR spectra appears between 1000 and 1300 cm −1 and the band at 1016 cm −1 is assigned to C-O stretching (C-O-C). The presence of 1594 cm −1 band indicates carboxylate symmetric stretch, whereas the 1412 cm −1 band indicates asymmetric stretch as seen in spectra of gum arabic by Sarika and James (2015) and Ibekwe et al (2017). Infrared spectrum analysis of the oxidized gums revealed a slight increase in the intensity of the peak in the region of 1725-1735 that identifies aliphatic aldehydes, which were not identifiable in the normal or unoxidized gum arabic.…”

Synthesis of nickel nanoparticles by pulsed laser ablation in different liquid media

“…In sample A4, small absorbance peak can be observed at 1074 cm -1 which indicates the presence of galactan [36]. This is the characteristics peak of gum Arabic and fingerprint of carbohydrates [37]. In walnut oil, the stretching vibrations of CH=CH is observed at 966 cm -1 and 722 cm -1 which corresponds to alkene functional groups.…”