Synthesis and characterization of Ca _{(1− x )} Sm _x F _{(2+ x )} (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.15) solid electrolytes for fluoride‐ion batteries

Abstract

Calcium fluoride solid electrolytes have been identified as a candidate for solid‐state fluoride‐ion batteries (FIBs). Here, we investigate the doping of CaF2 with samarium — Ca1−xSmxF2+x (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.15) — obtained by solid synthesis via high‐energy ball milling. Structural, morphological, and ionic conductivity studies of the as‐prepared materials were examined. It reveals that the fluorite‐type structure is dominating with a crystallite size of 12–14 nm. The highest ionic conductivity at room temperature had been obtained for Ca0.95Sm0.05F2.95 with a value of 2.8 × 10−6 S·cm−1. It proves that a small content of Sm doping can considerably improve the ionic conductivity of CaF2.

Effects of mixed phases on ionic conductivities for (LaF3)1–x(PbF2)x fast-fluoride-ion-conducting solid electrolytes

“…These samples are abbreviated as LPF-010, LPF-020, LPF-040, LPF-060, and LPF-080, respectively. 9,11,18,30 Fig. 1a and Fig.…”

“…The calculation of the EIS value can be derived from the Nyquist plot resulting from the AC impedance test. 3,11,30 The Nyquist plots of different samples at 120 1C are shown in Fig. 3a and b and Fig.…”

“…All-solid-state FIBs have attracted considerable research attention due to their potential to improve battery safety. 3,[9][10][11][12][13][14][15] However, the main obstacle facing the all-solid-state FIBs is the lower conductivity of the solid-state electrolyte under ambient conditions, as well as the poor interfacial performance and limited electrochemical stability window (ESW). 3,7 Currently, there are several phase structures of solid electrolytes, including tysonite-type, cubic-type, perovskite-type, and others.…”

Cerium Bromide Single-Crystal X-Ray Detection and Spectral Compatibility Assessment with Various Optical Sensors

“…In demanding applications, such as time of flight positron emission tomography (TOF-PET), detectors of rapid decay, increased density, and high light yield (LY) are necessary [10][11][12][13]. Various scintillating materials have been used so far, such as bismuth germanate (Bi 4 Ge 3 O 12 -BGO), lute-tium oxyorthosilicate (Lu 2 SiO 5 :Ce-LSO:Ce), calcium fluoride activated with europium (CaF 2 :Eu), and lutetium aluminium garnet (Lu 3 Al 5 O 12 :Ce-LuAG:Ce) among others [14][15][16][17][18], with internal properties that make them compatible for various medical detector modalities. Such properties include the increased light production, the nonhygroscopic crystal lattice, and the mechanical and thermal stability [19,20].…”