“…6,7 Among the various known alternative battery technologies, including alkali metal ion batteries (Na + and K + ), multivalent metal ion batteries (Mg 2+ and Al 3+ ), and anion shuttle batteries (F − and Cl − ), fluoride ion batteries (FIBs) have received widespread attention because of their higher volumetric energy density, low cost, and natural abudance. [8][9][10][11] Most of the earlier studies on FIBs were mainly focused on allsolid-state FIBs, where both the electrodes and electrolyte are in a solid state, enhancing safety across a wide range of temperatures. 8,11 FIBs are in an incipient state of research in comparison with both Li-ion and Na-ion battery studies.…”