“…The crystallinity values for the studied samples are: P1—46.54%, P2—50.54%, P3—50.31%, and P4—50.8%. These data are in agreement with those reported by Ojagh et al (2021) for BC–CMC composites obtained in situ during BC fermentation [ 49 ].…”
Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a biopolymer whose properties have been intensively studied, especially for biomedical applications. Since BC has no antimicrobial activity, it is necessary to use bioactive substances for developing wound healing applications. Another drawback of BC is the loss if its water retention capacity after dehydration. In order to overcome these problems, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and turmeric extract (TE) were selected for the preparation of BC composites. Citric acid (CA) was used as the crosslinking agent. These composites were tested as potential antimicrobial wound dressing materials. TE-loaded BC–CMC composites were characterized in terms of their morphology, crystallinity, and thermal behavior. Swelling tests and curcumin-release kinetic analysis were also performed. All the composites tested had high swelling degrees, which is an advantage for the exudate adsorption from chronic wounds. The antibacterial potential of such composites was tested against Escherichia coli (E. coli), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), and Candida albicans (C. albicans). The in vitro cytotoxicity toward L929 fibroblast cells was studied as well. The obtained results allow us to recommend these composites as good candidates for wound dressing applications.
“…The crystallinity values for the studied samples are: P1—46.54%, P2—50.54%, P3—50.31%, and P4—50.8%. These data are in agreement with those reported by Ojagh et al (2021) for BC–CMC composites obtained in situ during BC fermentation [ 49 ].…”
Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a biopolymer whose properties have been intensively studied, especially for biomedical applications. Since BC has no antimicrobial activity, it is necessary to use bioactive substances for developing wound healing applications. Another drawback of BC is the loss if its water retention capacity after dehydration. In order to overcome these problems, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and turmeric extract (TE) were selected for the preparation of BC composites. Citric acid (CA) was used as the crosslinking agent. These composites were tested as potential antimicrobial wound dressing materials. TE-loaded BC–CMC composites were characterized in terms of their morphology, crystallinity, and thermal behavior. Swelling tests and curcumin-release kinetic analysis were also performed. All the composites tested had high swelling degrees, which is an advantage for the exudate adsorption from chronic wounds. The antibacterial potential of such composites was tested against Escherichia coli (E. coli), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), and Candida albicans (C. albicans). The in vitro cytotoxicity toward L929 fibroblast cells was studied as well. The obtained results allow us to recommend these composites as good candidates for wound dressing applications.
“…In this section, we used MTT assay test for investigation of the anticancer activity of the synthesized nanocarrier. The procedure of the MTT assay technique was similar to previous published papers (Ojagh et al, 2021;Rasouli et al, 2013). The in vitro cell viability of the K562 cancer cells after 48 h incubation with the free DOX, DOX-loaded nanocarrier and un-loaded DOX nanocarrier were shown in Figure 10(b).…”
Section: In Vitro Cellular Cytotoxicity Assaymentioning
confidence: 83%
“…Additionally, β-CDs can be modi ed with large number of reactive functional groups for various types of drugs and protecting them from the external environment (Chen, 2015;Liu et al, 2013;Ajkidkarn et al, 2017). For example, Pourjavadi and Tehrani reported the synthesis of poly(Nisopropylacrylamide)-coated β-cyclodextrin-capped magnetic mesoporous silica nanoparticles for controlled release of DOX (Pourjavadi & Tehrani, 2017 Ojagh et al, 2021). Herein, a novel drug carrier on the basis of β-CD nanocomposites was prepared via a facile ultrasonic-assisted reaction of Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 nanoparticles with carboxylated β-CD.…”
β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) as cyclic oligosaccharide can be widely employed for preparation of controlled delivery of drugs. Hence, we synthesized a novel β-CD-based nanocarrier with superparamagnetic and molecular recognition properties for controlled release of doxorubicin (DOX) drug. The nanocarrier was prepared by using a facile ultrasonic-assisted method and through surface reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) copolymerization of core-shell Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles onto vinylated β-CD. The spherical amino-functionalized Fe3O4@SiO2 nanomaterials were synthesized easily by a co-condensation green process of Fe3O4 nanoparticles with tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and (3-Aminopropyl) trimethoxysilane (APTES). The structure and composition of the as-prepared drug delivery nanocomposites were studied by FTIR, SEM, TEM, XRD, and VSM. Then, the loading and releasing behaviors of DOX drug have been investigated in detail. First of all, the loading of DOX was confirmed by UV-Vis spectra and SEM and TEM images of drug-loaded samples. The results also exhibited that the drug loading efficiency is found to be dependent on initial drug concentration, β-CD content and temperature. The drug loading capacity of nanocarrier was also compared with pure β-CD. Moreover, it was revealed that in vitro release rate of DOX was dependent on physiological solution pH. Finally, the drug release kinetics data were well fitted to the Higuchi model. In addition, biological characterizations were tested by MTT assay, which approved the high performance of the nanocarriers in killing cancerous cells. Due to its unique and distinct advantageous and properties, the synthesized nanocarriers can be utilized as a potential and promising biodegradable drug carrier for controlled and sustained release of various drugs.
“…Together, the collagen/BC composite was displayed to have good biocompatibility with MC3T3 E1 cells and is constructive in its cell proliferation. de Lima Fontes et al [25a] and Ojagh et al [54] experimented compositing BC together with CMC, illustrated in Figure 4c, for the drug delivery of methotrexate and methylene blue (MB), respectively. In the former, different degrees of substitutions (DS) of CMC was used to tune the properties of the bio-composite.…”
Section: Drug Deliverymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…de Lima Fontes et al [25a] . and Ojagh et al [54] . experimented compositing BC together with CMC, illustrated in Figure 4c, for the drug delivery of methotrexate and methylene blue (MB), respectively.…”
Bacterial cellulose, or microbial cellulose, had gained tremendous interest as a hydrogel material for biomedical purposes in the recent years. It has many intrinsic physiological properties like fibrous nature, ultrafine 3D nanostructure network, high water holding capacity, excellent mechanical properties, biocompatibility and biodegradability that allow for the use of such purposes, and the lacking properties can be easily supplemented or enhanced by modifications. In this review, some of the biomedical applications that uses bacterial cellulose are discussed. These include wound healing, drug delivery, tissue engineering and tumor cell and cancer therapy. In each section, different modifications of BC are showcased and examined on how they benefit the application. Finally, key takeaways on these modifications are also deliberated.[a] K.
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