Synthesis and Characterization of Antioxidant Biphenyl Appended 1,2,3‐Triazoles as Potential Chemo‐Sensor for Sn²⁺ Ions: Excellent Selectivity and Low Detection Limit

Abstract

Designing of chemo-sensors is a new scope of intrigue among researchers. After inspecting the beneficial and harmful effects of Sn(II) metal ions in living species, 1,2,3-Triazole based chemo-sensor 4 a have been synthesized via click route. In the current article, literarily new 1,2,3-Triazoles (4 a-4 d) have been synthesized and identified via various spectroscopic means such as NMR( 1 H & 13 C), IR and mass spectrometry. Triazole 4 a was explored for recognition properties via absorption and emission spectroscopy and found specific and selective for Sn(II) metal ions. The recognition of Sn 2 + metal ions by probe 4a was not interfered because of other tested metal cations. The probe has very low detection limit of 0.47 × 10 À 7 M and 3.8 × 10 À 9 M via ultraviolet and fluorescence spectroscopy respectively which is lower than many previously reported sensors. The BÀ H plot and stern volmer's plot confirmed a high binding affinity between probe 4a and tin (II) metal ion. The association constant (K a ) and stern volmer constant (K sv ) were calculated as 13.36 × 10 5 M À 1 and 12.6 × 10 6 M À 1 from BÀ H plot and stern volmer's plot respectively. The Stoichiometric ratio between chemo-sensor 4 a and Sn 2 + metal ions was confirmed as 1 : 1 by the job's plot. Moreover, in this study, the synthesized compounds 4(a-d) were examined for their antioxidant properties. The total antioxidant activity (TAA) results indicate that the synthesized triazoles 4(a-d) found to be excellent postulant for radical scavenging. TAA values for 4 a, 4 b, 4 c and 4 d are found to be 4.65 � 0.2, 6.79 � 0.3, 6.29 � 0.2, 5.06 � 0.1 (mM)(eq. ascorbic acid) per 100 mM of particle respectively.

Triazole-Based Cu(I) Cationic Metal–Organic Frameworks with Lewis Basic Pyridine Sites for Selective Detection of Ce3+ Ions

“…The prepared solutions were diluted to obtain the required concentrations using the molarity equation C 1 V 1 = C 2 V 2 . The LOD was calculated using 3σ/ S , and 10σ/ S was used to calculate the limit of quantitation, where σ signifies the standard deviation of a blank and S signifies the slope of the linear equation. , …”

“…The topology of 2 is exactly the same as that of 1. In compound 3, two different types of metal centers are present, along with a 14,16-c net with stoichiometry (14-c)4(16-c); a new 2-nodal net topology is observed with the Schlafli symbol {3 28 .4 49 .5 14 }4{3 32 .4 56 .5 32 }.…”

“…The prepared solutions were diluted to obtain the required concentrations using the molarity equation 55 The LOD was calculated using 3σ/S, and 10σ/ S was used to calculate the limit of quantitation, where σ signifies the standard deviation of a blank and S signifies the slope of the linear equation. 56,57 The luminescence emissions of 1−3 may be attributed to ligand-to-metal charge transfer and photoinduced electron transfer from the donor part to the acceptor part of the framework. 58 Upon the addition of Ce 3+ ions, the luminescence emission pattern changed because of interactions with electron-dense sites in the frameworks.…”

Water- and pH-Stable Methylthio-Containing Metal–Organic Frameworks as Luminescent Sensors for Metal-Ion Detection

“…To investigate the mechanistic pathway for the quenching of the emission spectra of the Cd-MOF with ions, the classical Stern–Volmer equation for quenching ( F 0 / F = 1 + K SV , where F 0 and F are the fluorescence intensities of Cd-MOF in the absence and presence of the quencher, respectively) was applied . The limit of detection (3σ/ S ) and limit of quantitation (10σ/ S ) were calculated and compared with the appropriate and literature values, where σ represents the blank standard deviation and S represents the slope of the linear regression equation according to ref …”

Recent advances in tin ion detection using fluorometric and colorimetric chemosensors

“…Singh et al developed a triazole-containing probe 43 which showed a fluorometric response to Sn 2+ ions in methanol solution. 120 Initially, probe 43 displayed two absorption bands at 208 nm and 260 nm. The band at 208 nm displayed a hyperchromic shift after consecutive addition of Sn 2+ metal ions, whereas the band at 260 nm initially showed a hyperchromic shift, then a hypochromic shift, which was attributed to the electron density transfer between 43 and Sn 2+ .…”