Synthesis and Characterization of a Red Clay Based New Composite Ceramic Material

Rakhila, Youness; Ezzahi, Amine; Elmchaouri, Abdellah; Mestari, Allal

doi:10.4236/ampc.2018.87020

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The red clay is made up of a mixture of natural minerals known as "clay minerals" (quartz, feldspars, iron oxide, oxidised titanium, earthy oxide, etc.) as stated in [7]. Clay minerals with higher concentrations include silica (quartz, cristobalite, tridymite), aluminium oxides and hydroxides (corundum, gibbsite, diaspore, boehmite, etc.…”

Section: Characteristic Of Red Claymentioning

confidence: 99%

Red Clay Mini Bricks with Nano-Bentonite (Clamib-Naben): Materials in Early Learning

Ibrahim

2023

SRJ

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The Ministry of Energy, Science, Technology, Environment, and Climate Change (MESTECC) is concerned about a downward trend (from 48 % in 2012 to 44 % in 2019) of students in schools pursuing Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) subjects in schools and higher education institutions. This downward trend may be related to the thinking of the younger generation, who consider engineering courses quite challenging due to the nature of the courses, which are considered "difficult courses". Therefore, the purpose of this research is to explore the effect of implementing red Clay Mini Bricks with Nano-Bentonite (ClaMiB-NaBen) materials on anxiety towards engineering among students at the preschool level. A cooperative learning method was utilised among students in developing building models using ClaMiB-NaBen. In order to achieve the objectives of the study, a total of 50 students from pre-school were selected. Observations and pre- and final tests were used to collect empirical data based on practical activities in the class. The data were described using frequency, mean, and standard deviation. The pre-test showed that the majority of students were not interested in the field of engineering. However, the post-test results revealed a significant increase in interest in this field. Therefore, ClaMiB-NaBen is expected to be able to change the perception of the younger generation to be more interested in engineering, which is in line with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) of Malaysia that are to be achieved by 2030, as all countries are racing to produce new science and technology that is sustainable, affordable, and safe.

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Section: Characteristic Of Red Claymentioning

confidence: 99%

Red Clay Mini Bricks with Nano-Bentonite (Clamib-Naben): Materials in Early Learning

Ibrahim

2023

SRJ

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“…Among the different types of clay, the cationic clay montmorillonite has a higher adsorption capacity than illite and kaolinite due to its specific surface area, basal interlayer spacing and greater cation exchange capacity [ 9 ]. Red clay (RC), a natural material rich in minerals, like iron, aluminum and silica [ 10 ], has not been extensively explored in drug delivery systems. However, it has been used for centuries for medicinal purposes due to its antibacterial, antifungal and anti-inflammatory properties [ 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Novel Red Clay-Based Drug Delivery Carrier to Improve the Therapeutic Efficacy of Acyclovir in the Treatment of Skin Cancer

Francis,

Ahmad,

Nagarajan

et al. 2023

Pharmaceutics

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Acyclovir (ACV) is a promising candidate for drug repurposing because of its potential to provide an effective treatment for viral infections and non-viral diseases, such as cancer, for which limited treatment options exist. However, its poor physicochemical properties limit its application. This study aimed to formulate and evaluate an ACV-loaded red clay nanodrug delivery system exhibiting an effective cytotoxicity. The study focused on the preparation of a complex between ACV and red clay (RC) using sucrose stearate (SS) (nanocomplex F1) as an immediate-release drug-delivery system for melanoma treatment. The synthesized nanocomplex, which had nanosized dimensions, a negative zeta potential and the drug release of approximately 85% after 3 h, was found to be promising. Characterization techniques, including FT-IR, XRD and DSC-TGA, confirmed the effective encapsulation of ACV within the nanocomplex and its stability due to intercalation. Cytotoxicity experiments conducted on melanoma cancer cell lines SK-MEL-3 revealed that the ACV release from the nanocomplex formulation F1 effectively inhibited the growth of melanoma cancer cells, with an IC50 of 25 ± 0.09 µg/mL. Additionally, ACV demonstrated a significant cytotoxicity at approximately 20 µg/mL in the melanoma cancer cell line, indicating its potential repurposing for skin cancer treatment. Based on these findings, it can be suggested that the RC-SS complex could be an effective drug delivery carrier for localized cancer therapy. Furthermore, the results of an in silico study suggested the addition of chitosan to the formulation for a more effective drug delivery. Energy and interaction analyses using various modules in a material studio demonstrated the high stability of the composite comprising red clay, sucrose stearate, chitosan and ACV. Thus, it could be concluded that the utilization of the red clay-based drug delivery system is a promising strategy to improve the effectiveness of targeted cancer therapy.

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“…The natural red clay is used as the raw material in many industries, for example, ceramics, paper, paint, and catalysis. However, its applications depend highly on their structure, composition, and physical properties 18 . Thus, there is a high possibility of using red clay synthesized catalysts for pyrolysis of waste plastics to reduce the cost of the pyrolysis process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, its applications depend highly on their structure, composition, and physical properties. 18 Thus, there is a high possibility of using red clay synthesized catalysts for pyrolysis of waste plastics to reduce the cost of the pyrolysis process. Recently, the focus has shifted to clay catalysts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and efficient use of low‐cost natural red clay catalyst for the production of upgraded fuel oil using pyrolysis of waste expanded polystyrene and in situ vapour phase hydrogenation

Verma

Sharma

Pramanik

2022

Intl J of Energy Research

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Summary The waste expanded polystyrene (WEPS) was subjected to the pyrolysis and in situ hydrogenation process in a laboratory fabricated innovative reactor on a red clay catalyst in the temperature range of 400°C to 700°C. Five different catalysts were synthesized from the eco‐friendly and non‐toxic red clay, that is, red clay in natural form (RC), red clay calcined at 600°C (RC‐600), red clay calcined at 700°C (RC‐700), red clay calcined at 800°C (RC‐800), and red clay calcined at 900°C (RC‐900). The catalytic pyrolysis of WEPS, in situ hydrogenation, and aromatization were performed keeping the synthesized catalyst in different reactor arrangements, that is, liquid phase/X‐type, vapour phase/Y‐type, and multiphase/XY‐type. The raw and calcined red clay catalysts were characterized by various characterization techniques such as SEM‐EDX, BET, XRD, and FTIR. The calcination temperature greatly influenced the surface morphology and surface area of the red clay catalysts. The surface morphology of calcined red clay catalyst RC‐800 shows nano cluster form of particles with very high porosity. The highest surface area of 29.25 m2/g and highest silica content of 56.82 wt% were found for the RC‐800 catalyst. Furthermore, the XRD analysis ensured the presence of illite‐micas, α‐quartz, κ‐kappa alumina, δ‐delta alumina, and θ‐theta alumina in the RC‐800 catalyst only. The presence of strong Bronstedacid sites in RC‐800 catalyst was confirmed by the FTIR analysis. The highest liquid yield of 94.37 wt% was obtained for the thermal pyrolysis of WEPS at the optimum temperature of 650°C and heating rate of 15°C/min. The maximum BTE content of 11.38 wt% was recorded for the pyrolysis oil obtained from the thermal pyrolysis of WEPS at the same optimum conditions. On the other side, the highest liquid yield of 88.82 wt% was obtained for the X‐type pyrolysis at the optimum temperature of 600°C and heating rate of 15°C/min using red clay catalyst RC‐800. The Y‐type and XY‐type pyrolysis produced maximum liquid yield of 80.81 wt% and 79.47 wt%, respectively, at the optimum temperature of 550°C and at heating rate of 15°C/min using the same red clay catalyst RC‐800. However, the multiphase/XY‐type pyrolysis produced the highest BTE content of 27.62 wt% and lowest styrene content (60.75 wt%) at a temperature of 550°C using RC‐800 catalyst among all types of pyrolysis. The maximum styrene content of 84.74 wt% was found in pyrolysis oil obtained from thermal pyrolysis of WEPS at optimum conditions. The styrene content obtained reduced significantly from 68.83 wt% to 60.75 wt% when the reactor arrangement was changed from X‐type to XY‐type. The pyrolysis oil obtained from XY‐type/multiphase pyrolysis was found suitable for the use in internal combustion (IC) engine.

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Synthesis and Characterization of a Red Clay Based New Composite Ceramic Material

Cited by 7 publications

References 18 publications

Red Clay Mini Bricks with Nano-Bentonite (Clamib-Naben): Materials in Early Learning

Red Clay Mini Bricks with Nano-Bentonite (Clamib-Naben): Materials in Early Learning

Development of a Novel Red Clay-Based Drug Delivery Carrier to Improve the Therapeutic Efficacy of Acyclovir in the Treatment of Skin Cancer

Synthesis and efficient use of low‐cost natural red clay catalyst for the production of upgraded fuel oil using pyrolysis of waste expanded polystyrene and in situ vapour phase hydrogenation

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