Synthesis and characterization of a novel phosphorus–nitrogen‐containing flame retardant and its application for textile

Abstract

The economic and environmentally friendly flame‐retardant compound, tetramethyl (6‐chloro‐1,3,5‐triazine‐2,4‐diyl)bis(oxy)bis(methylene) diphosphonate (CN‐1), was synthesized by a simple two‐step procedure from dimethyl phosphate, and its chemical structure was characterized by 1H, 13C, and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance and gas chromatography mass spectroscopy. Using the traditional pad–dry–cure method, we obtained several different add‐ons (wt%) by treating cotton twill fabric with flame retardant (CN‐1). Thermogravimetric analysis, in an air and nitrogen atmosphere, of the modified cotton showed that decomposition occurred ~230°C with 16% residue weight char yield at 600°C, indicating high thermal stability for all treated levels. Limiting oxygen index (LOI) and the vertical flammability test were employed to determine the effectiveness of the flame‐retardant treatments on the fabrics. LOI values increased from ~18 vol% oxygen in nitrogen for untreated fabric to maximum of 34 vol% for the highest treatment level. Fabrics with higher levels of flame retardant also easily passed the vertical flammability test. Furthermore, Fourier transform infrared and scanning electron microscopy were utilized to characterize the chemical structure as well as the surface morphology of the flame‐retardant treated twill fabrics, including char area and the edge between unburned fabric and char area. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Phosphorylation of bio-based compounds: the state of the art

“…Cotton fabric was treated with tetramethyl (6-chloro-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diyl) bis(oxy)bis(methylene) diphosphonate in water-isopropanol solution , dried and then cured at 140 °C for 5 min. 190 The treated textiles exhibited very good flame-retardant properties (i.e. self-extinguishing material with a LOI of 36 vol%).…”

Effect of chicken‐feather protein‐based flame retardant on flame retarding performance of cotton fabric

“…Currently, the use of halogenated flame retardant is being limited and halogen‐free alternatives are being developed rapidly due to the increasing demand of environmentally friendly alternatives. Phosphorus–nitrogen inflating flame retardant emits less smoke, and poisonous and corrosive gas, preventing molten dropping and its high efficiency in flame retarding makes it ideal for the use in textile fabrics . Chicken feather, which is a biodegradable material, is abandoned in large amounts throughout the world every year, if the waste protein could be used as a valuable resource, it could not only turn waste to treasure, but also reduce environmental pollution.…”

A Large‐Area, Flexible, and Flame‐Retardant Graphene Paper

“…[ 10 ] On the other hand, the addition of phosphorus is to form, during the combustion, an impermeable, semisolid, and vitreous layer essentially composed of polyphosphoric acid and to activate the process of formation of intumescence. [ 11 ] The fl ame retardants, including nitrogen and phosphorus atoms, are used to improve the fi re resistance owing to the synergistic fl ame retardant effect. [ 12 ] Hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene (HCCP), with the formula (N 3 P 3 Cl 6 ), is constructed with alternating nitrogen and phosphorus atoms in a hexatomic ring structure.…”