Effect of chicken‐feather protein‐based flame retardant on flame retarding performance of cotton fabric

Abstract

A new kind of eco-friendly chicken-feather protein-based phosphorus-nitrogen-containing flame retardant was synthesized successfully with chicken-feather protein, melamine, sodium pyrophosphate, and glyoxal. And its structure was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and the thermogravimetry of the agent was analyzed. Then the flame retarding performances of the chicken-feather protein-based flame retardant and in combination with the borax and boric acid in application to a woven cotton fabric were investigated by the vertical flammability test and limited oxygen index test. In addition, the surface morphologies of the treated and untreated fabrics were conducted by the scanning electron micrographs (SEM), and the thermogravimetric analyses of the treated and untreated cotton were explored, and the surface morphologies of char areas of the treated and untreated fabrics after burnt were tested by the SEM. The results showed that the flame retardancy of the cotton fabric treated by the chicken-feather protein-based flame retardant in combination with borax and boric acid was improved further, and the combination of the chickenfeather protein-based flame retardant and borax and boric acid could facilitate to form a homogenous and compact intumescing char layer, and the combination of them plays a good synergistic effect in the improvement of the flame retardancy of the treated cotton fabric.

Green coconut shell extract and boric acid: new formulation for making thermally stable cellulosic paper

“…9,10 Recently researchers have used chicken feather protein with a combination of borax and boric acid to make woven cotton fabric fire retardant. 11 However, to the best of our knowledge, the use of waste plant bio-molecules to render any textile and/or polymeric material flame retardant has not been reported. As some plants contain phosphate, phosphite, chloride, silicate and other minerals, metal oxides and mineral salts, they have immense potential for use as flame retarding agents for cellulosic and non-cellulosic materials.…”

“…Attempts have also been made to make cotton fabrics fire retardant using whey proteins, casein and hydrophobins due to their phosphate, disulphide and protein content, as they can influence pyrolysis by early char formation . Recently researchers have used chicken feather protein with a combination of borax and boric acid to make woven cotton fabric fire retardant . However, to the best of our knowledge, the use of waste plant bio‐molecules to render any textile and/or polymeric material flame retardant has not been reported.…”

Sustainable Management of Keratin Waste Biomass: Applications and Future Perspectives

“…A yellowish feather based flame retardant was formed which was used for cotton fabrics. High flame retardancy was imparted to the fabrics after treating with the flame retardant which was based on feathers (Wang et al 2014). Some biocomposites were developed from feathers which were used as reinforcement and as a matrix.…”

“…(Xu et al, 2014a) Micro and Nanoparticles (Sun et al, 2009) Nanoparticle for medical application Graphene oxide and its derivative in biomaterials (Amieva et al, 2014) As a diet supplement for feeding ruminants (Coward-Kelly et al, 2006) (Dalev, 1994) (Dalev et al, 1996) (Dalev et al, 1997) As a microporous material used as electrode material (Zhan and Wool, 2011) Thermoplastic films for packaging of food ) (Jin et al, 2011 Waste managment using microorganisms in degradation (Vasileva-Tonkova et al, 2009) (Syed et al, 2009) (Grazziotin et al, 2006) Leather processing (Sastry et al, 1986) (Sehgal et al, 1987) (Karthikeyan et al, 2007) Hand spun yan (Reddy and Yang, 2007) Textile yarns (Reddy et al, 2014a) ) ) Keratinases in detergents formulation (Balakumar et al, 2013) (Manivasagan et al, 2014) (Rai et al, 2009) Flame retardant (Wang et al, 2014) Bio-composites or composite fabrication (Flores-Hernández et al, 2014) (Spiridon et al, 2012) (Huda and Yang, 2008) (Gurav and Jadhav, 2013) (Hadas and Kautsky, 1994) (Gousterova et al, 2012) The enzyme keratinases can be used as a fertilizer for de-hairing in leather industry, detergent, feed and other biomedical products. Keratinase can be isolated and purified from poultry feathers (Balakumar et al 2013).…”

“…He reported maltose and sodium nitrate were the co carbon and co-nitrogen sources. The keratinase produced was suitable as an additive for laundry detergents (Rai et al 2009) The presence of high amount of nitrogen in feathers made it a useful material as flame retardants (Wang et al 2014). Hydrolyzed feathers were used to prepare P-N based flame retardant.…”