Synthesis and characterisation of poly(acryalamide) grafted carboxymethyl xanthan gum copolymer

Badwaik, Hemant; Sakure, Kalyani; Alexander, Amit; AJAZUDDIN, .; Dhongade, Hemant; Tripathi, Dulal Krishna

doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.01.014

Cited by 47 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…However, there was a slight increase in the homopolymer yield, suggesting the preference of the monomer to its own macroradical than for the one on the grafted chain, probably due to some steric hindrances. The same behavior was observed by other investigators whose results have been published in the literature [34,35].…”

Section: Influence Of Reaction Timesupporting

confidence: 89%

New Grafted Copolymers Carrying Betaine Units Based on Gellan and N-Vinylimidazole as Precursors for Design of Drug Delivery Systems

Racoviţă¹,

Baranov

Macsim³

et al. 2020

Molecules

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New grafted copolymers possessing structural units of 1-vinyl-3-(1-carboxymethyl) imidazolium betaine were obtained by graft copolymerization of N-vinylimidazole onto gellan gum followed by the polymer-analogous reactions on grafted polymer with the highest grafting percentage using sodium chloroacetate as the betainization agent. The grafted copolymers were prepared using ammonium persulfate/N,N,N′,N′ tetramethylethylenediamine in a nitrogen atmosphere. The grafting reaction conditions were optimized by changing one of the following reaction parameters: initiator concentration, monomer concentration, polymer concentration, reaction time or temperature, while the other parameters remained constant. The highest grafting yield was obtained under the following reaction conditions: ci = 0.08 mol/L, cm = 0.8 mol/L, cp = 8 g/L, tr = 4 h and T = 50 °C. The kinetics of the graft copolymerization of N-vinylimidazole onto gellan was discussed and a suitable reaction mechanism was proposed. The evidence of the grafting reaction was confirmed through FTIR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, 1H-NMR spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The grafted copolymer with betaine structure was obtained by a nucleophilic substitution reaction where the betainization agent was sodium chloroacetate. Preliminary results prove the ability of the grafted copolymers to bind amphoteric drugs (cefotaxime) and, therefore, the possibility of developing the new sustained drug release systems.

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Section: Influence Of Reaction Timesupporting

confidence: 89%

New Grafted Copolymers Carrying Betaine Units Based on Gellan and N-Vinylimidazole as Precursors for Design of Drug Delivery Systems

Racoviţă¹,

Baranov

Macsim³

et al. 2020

Molecules

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“…The yield increased to 92.71% when increasing the concentration of BPO to 1.50 wt% after 8 h of reaction and then decreased with a further increase in the BPO concentration and reaction time. This phenomenon commonly occurs and has been reported by various authors (Elella et al 2018;Badwaik et al 2016). The free radical concentration of the BPO molecules in the polymerisation medium increases with increasing BPO concentration with time.…”

Section: Analysis Of Response Surfacesupporting

confidence: 63%

Optimisation of reaction parameters for a novel polymeric additives as flow improvers of crude oil using response surface methodology

Elganidi

Elarbe

Ridzuan

et al. 2021

J Petrol Explor Prod Technol

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In recent years, polymeric additives have received considerable attention as a wax control approach to enhance the flowability of waxy crude oil. Furthermore, the satisfactory model for predicting maximum yield in free radical polymerisation has been challenging due to the complexity and rigours of classic kinetic models. This study investigated the influence of operating parameters on a novel synthesised polymer used as a wax deposition inhibitor in a crude oil pipeline. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to develop a polynomial regression model and investigate the effect of reaction temperature, reaction time, and initiator concentration on the polymerisation yield of behenyl acrylate-co-stearyl methacrylate-co-maleic anhydride (BA-co-SMA-co-MA) polymer by using central composite design (CCD) approach. The modelled optimisation conditions were reaction time of 8.1 h, reaction temperature of 102 °C, and initiator concentration of 1.57 wt%, with the corresponding yield of 93.75%. The regression model analysis (ANOVA) detected an R2 value of 0.9696, indicating that the model can clarify 96.96% of the variation in data variation and does not clarify only 3% of the total differences. Three experimental validation runs were carried out using the optimal conditions, and the highest average yield is 93.20%. An error of about 0.55% was observed compared with the expected value. Therefore, the proposed model is reliable and can predict yield response accurately. Furthermore, the regression model is highly significant, indicating a strong agreement between the expected and experimental values of BA-co-SMA-co-MA yield. Consequently, this study’s findings can help provide a robust model for predicting maximum polymerisation yield to reduce the cost and processing time associated with the polymerisation process.

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“…This in turn, decreased the intrinsic viscosity and hence the flow becomes non-Newtonian. Study also evidenced the increased in the thermal stability of the polyacrylamide carboxymethylated xanthan gum as compared to carboxymethylated xanthan gum with reduction in semi crystalline nature of particles due to hindrance in the ordered structure (Badwaik et al, 2016).…”

Section: Grafting With Acrylamidementioning

confidence: 89%

Pharmaceutical Applications of Xanthan Gum in Ophthalmic Delivery Systems

Bhatia

Kumar

Batra

et al. 2020

JPTRM

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Introduction: Ophthalmic delivery system is one of the challenging domains of formulation and development due to tear dilutions, drug loss due to lacrimal drainage, limited volume and pre-corneal barriers. Several pharmaceutical technologies are exploited in order to counter the challenges posed by ocular route such as emulsions and suspensions. But all these technologies have stability issues which lead to their limited use.Background: Among polysaccharides, xanthan gum, a natural occurring biodegradable exopolysaccharide extracted from bacterium Xanthomonas campestris is widely accepted as one of the potential polysaccharide in ophthalmic.Review Results: Xanthan gum is commonly used as an additive to various ophthalmic formulations due to its mucoadhesive property and imparting stability to various novel pharmaceutical technologies for ophthalmic. Xanthan gum also allows chemical modifications with various ligands which consequently allow controlled release, modified dissolution rate and viscoelasticity. Conclusion: In this review we are providing an insight over potential of pharmaceutical applications of xanthan gum. Also, we have discussed the scope of chemical modifications in xanthan gum with modified physicochemical properties.

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Synthesis and characterisation of poly(acryalamide) grafted carboxymethyl xanthan gum copolymer

Cited by 47 publications

References 23 publications

New Grafted Copolymers Carrying Betaine Units Based on Gellan and N-Vinylimidazole as Precursors for Design of Drug Delivery Systems

New Grafted Copolymers Carrying Betaine Units Based on Gellan and N-Vinylimidazole as Precursors for Design of Drug Delivery Systems

Optimisation of reaction parameters for a novel polymeric additives as flow improvers of crude oil using response surface methodology

Pharmaceutical Applications of Xanthan Gum in Ophthalmic Delivery Systems

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