“…The dynamics of droplet impact play an important role in numerous natural processes [ 1 , 2 , 3 ] and practical applications such as industry [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ], agriculture [ 10 , 11 , 12 ], and medicine [ 13 , 14 , 15 ]. The possible outcomes of a droplet impact on a solid surface include spreading, splashing, bouncing off, and sticking [ 16 , 17 , 18 ].…”