Synthesis and Biological Properties of Pharmaceutically Important Xanthones and Benzoxanthone Analogs: A Brief Review.

Abstract

Xanthones are one of the biggest classes of compounds in natural product chemistry. A number of xanthones have been isolated from natural sources of higher plants such as fungi, ferns, and lichens. Synthetic analogs of xanthones have shown a large number of pharmacological properties such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetics, antihistamine, antitumoral, antiulcer, and algicidal. Moreover, they also find usages in photodynamic therapy, laser technology, and dyes. This review lays stress on various solvents, catalyst and synthetic route for synthesis of xanthones, benzoxanthones analogs. The review has also focused on the classifications of xanthone as well as extensively studied biological properties of the xanthones and benzoxanthones analogs.

An Update on the Anticancer Activity of Xanthone Derivatives: A Review

“…The first isolated xanthone dimer was swertipunicoside obtained from the whole plant of Swertia punicea in 2002. Swertipunicoside, swertifrancheside, and phomoxanthone A are the examples of xanthone dimers [35], and their chemical structures are shown in Figure 2.…”

“…In 2015, several isolated xanthones from the branches of Garcinia achachairu were investigated as the anticancer agents against nasopharynx cancer cells (CNE-1, CNE-2, and SUNE1). A new prenylated xanthone (35) showed a remarkable anticancer activity with the IC 50 of 1.43, 0.73, and 2.23 µM against CNE-1, CNE-2, and SUNE1 cell lines, respectively. On the other hand, the anticancer activity of compound 36 was evaluated against U-251, MCF-7, NCI/ADR-RES, 786-0, NCI-H460, PC-3, HT-29, and HaCat cell lines, giving IC 50 values of 11.2, 34.0, 8.61, 19.6, 56.2, 10.5, 58.1, and 30.6 µM, respectively, which was comparable to doxorubicin [176].…”

Endophytic fungi: A treasure trove of novel anticancer compounds

“…Xanthones are tricyclic secondary metabolites which are derived from dibenzo-pyrone, mainly possess anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic properties ( Bedi et al., 2018b ). Asperanthone (25) is a new prenylxanthone derivative, which was obtained from the endophytic fungus Aspergillus sp.…”

Synthesis of Xanthones, Thioxanthones and Acridones by a Metal-Free Photocatalytic Oxidation Using Visible Light and Molecular Oxygen

“…This concept can be applied to the preparation of interesting structural compounds such as xanthones, thioxanthones and acridones by oxidation of benzylic C-H bonds of appropriate precursors. Thus, xanthones (9H-xanthen-9-ones) are interesting to prepare [22,23], as their structural motif is present in compounds showing a multitude of biological activities, including α-glucosidase inhibition, as well as anticancer, anti-Alzheimer and anti-inflammatory properties [24][25][26][27]. Besides, thioxanthones have also shown interesting antitumor activities [28].…”