Synthesis and Application of Phosphorus-containing Flame Retardant Plasticizer for Polyvinyl Chloride

A simple approach with scale-up potential towards intrinsically flame-retardant bio-based co-plasticizer for PVC artificial materials

“…7, the PVC coating plasticized by DOP alone exhibited a low LOI of 21.5%, in agreement with previous conclusion that ordinary plasticizer such as DOP was responsible for flammability of otherwise nonflammable PVC coating. As the proportion of CFAME increased up to 100% in the plasticizer mixture, the LOI of the PVC coating increased to 27.1%, showing self-extinguishing behavior, similar to that of flexible PVC prepared from other intrinsically flame-retardant plasticizer previously reported [9]. This result confirmed that chlorinating unsaturated fatty acid methyl ester yielded an intrinsically flameretardant bio-plasticizer that could endow the PVC coating with excellent flame retardance.…”

“…The resulting intermediate then reacted with diethyl chlorophosphate, yielding a bio-plasticizer with synergistic flame retardant groups of nitrogen and phosphorus. Another example [9] highlighting how intrinsically flame-retardant plasticizers containing no halogen can be obtained is a recently published study by Wang Fang et al They designed and prepared a phosphoruscontaining intermediate by allowing neopentyl glycol to react with phosphorus oxychloride. Subsequently, the intermediate was covalently conjugated onto methyl ricinoleate by the reaction between phosphoryl chloride and the midchain hydroxyl group in methyl ricinoleate, yielding a phosphorus-containing flame retardant bio-plasticizer.…”

A Modified 3D-QSAR Model Based on Ideal Point Method and Its Application in the Molecular Modification of Plasticizers with Flame Retardancy and Eco-Friendliness

“…Phthalic acid esters (PAEs), commonly known as phthalates, are widely used as plasticizers in plastic industries [ 14 ], with up to 90% of the plasticizers used in China alone [ 15 ]. Although plasticizers improve the strength and flexibility of plastic products significantly [ 16 ], the addition of several plasticizers increases the flammability of plastic polymers, which eventually restricts applicability [ 17 ]. Therefore, eco-friendly, biodegradable, and flame retardant plasticizers are highly demanding in the industries [ 16 ].…”

“…The limited oxygen index (LOI) is the most common indicator to measure the flammability of a substance. LOI may be defined as the lowest level of oxygen concentration (expressed as a volume percentage) that support a substance burns in a uniformly flowing mixture of oxygen and nitrogen; under such condition, the part below the flame will not burn or meltdown further (candle-light) [ 17 , 18 ].…”

Synthesis and properties of castor oil based plasticizers

“…Besides, a series of phosphorus-containing ame retardant plasticizers based on castor oil as a secondary plasticizer were synthesized and the results showed that the material added plasticizers had improved tensile strength, with good heat insulation and ame retardant properties, but the elongation at break was decreased. [18][19][20][21] Our team has conducted a substantial amount of work on the synthesis of plasticizers, especially in clean production processes. [22][23][24] In this study, we synthesized ve environmentfriendly plasticizers derived from castor oil through mild esterication/epoxidation reactions.…”