Synthesis and application of lignin-based copolymer LSAA on controlling non-point source pollution resulted from surface runoff

Commercial versus synthesized polymers for soil erosion control and growth of Chinese cabbage

“…Peaks at 1,558.54 and 1,401.05 cm -1 were assigned as ester groups (−COO - ), and a peak at 1,653.64 cm -1 indicated a carboxyl group (C=O). These findings supported the idea of Liu et al ( 2008 ) that these functional groups may improve soil aggregates with strong interactions between soil particles and BP molecules, thereby reducing soil loss. Our results were similar to their findings that the peaks of the ester and carboxyl groups were detected at 1,560 and 1,410 cm -1 , and at 1,680 and 1,450 cm -1 , respectively.…”

“…Orts et al ( 2000 ) showed that the BP suspension made from microfibrils of cellulose, starch xanthate, chitosan, and acid-hydrolyzed cellulose microfibril, reduced soil sediment by an average of 80% compared to the CK. Application of the BP treatment should be practically used to not only reduce raindrop impacts such as soil-surface seal formation, soil detachment, and degradation of water quality, but also reproduce industrial wastes (Levin et al 1991 ; Orts et al 1999 2000 2007 ; Lee et al 2008 ; Liu et al 2008 ).…”

“…Characterization of the properties of each treatment were triplicated and shown in Table 1 . To synthesize BP, a total of 4-g lignin, 0.4-g corn starch, and 16-g acrylamide were completely homogenized with 100 mL of distilled water having an electrical conductivity (EC) of 4.17 × 10 -4 S m -1 and pH of 7.2, and then 12-mL acrylic acid was added (Liu et al 2008 ). The solution pH was adjusted to 7.5 by adding sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and was dissolved with 200 mL of distilled water.…”

“…More recently, a synthesized biopolymer (BP) was recognized as an alternative to conventional chemical-based tackifiers such as PAM. Natural and industrial by-products may be sources of BPs synthesis (Sojka et al 2007 ; Liu et al 2008 ). The BPs provide a cost advantage and an additional safety to environments by using natural and non-toxic materials such as lignin, starch, sugar, cellulose etc.…”

Effects of polyacrylamide, biopolymer and biochar on the decomposition of 14C‐labelled maize residues and on their stabilization in soil aggregates

“…The BP was synthesized by the method described by Liu et al . (). The BC contained 2.73% N and 67.0% C, PAM contained 16.2% N and 42.2% C, and BP contained 5.3% N and 28.4% C. Before the soil conditioner experiment, maize plants were labelled three times in a 14 CO 2 atmosphere to produce uniformly 14 C‐labelled plant residues, based on the method described by Gocke et al .…”