Synthesis and Application of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles in Bone Tissue Repair

Abstract

Nanoparticles play a vital role in bone tissue repair engineering, especially iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs), which have magnetic properties, semiconductor properties, and nontoxicity at the same time, and their applications in biomedicine have received widespread attention. This review summarizes the excellent performance of IONPs in enhancing scaffold functions, promoting stem cell differentiation, and labeling positioning, in order to understand the research progress and future development trends of IONPs in bone tissue repair engineering, as well as the security issues. Firstly, IONPs can affect the expression of genes and proteins to accelerate the process of biomineralization under a magnetic field. Then, the composite of IONPs and polymers can synthesize a scaffold which can promote the attachment, proliferation, and bone differentiation of stem cells. Furthermore, IONPs can also mark the location of drugs in the body to follow up the process of bone repair. Therefore, extensive research on the manufacturing and application range of IONPs is of great significance to bone tissue repair engineering.

Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery Systems for Enhancing Bone Regeneration

“…49 IONPs can be easily synthesized and many different synthesis methods have been reported, including hydrothermal, solvothermal, sol−gel, coprecipitation, microwave-assisted, chemical vapor deposition, electrochemistry, sonochemistry, laser pyrolysis, and bacterial microbial syn-thesis methods. 20 The size and shape of IONPs are effectively controlled by the above different reaction modes and reaction conditions (such as temperature and pressure). 50 The direct interaction between IONPs and therapeutic agents, combined with external magnetic field intervention, constitutes a highly stable nanosystem.…”

“…Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs; usually Fe 3 O 4 or Fe 2 O 3 ) are magnetic NPs that have magnetic, semiconductor, nontoxic, and biologically active properties, and can be driven to any part of the body under the influence of an external magnetic field . IONPs can be easily synthesized and many different synthesis methods have been reported, including hydrothermal, solvothermal, sol–gel, coprecipitation, microwave-assisted, chemical vapor deposition, electrochemistry, sonochemistry, laser pyrolysis, and bacterial microbial synthesis methods . The size and shape of IONPs are effectively controlled by the above different reaction modes and reaction conditions (such as temperature and pressure) .…”

Bioactive Magnetic Materials in Bone Tissue Engineering: A Review of Recent Findings in CaP‐Based Particles and 3D‐Printed Scaffolds

“…Particularly, increased cell proliferation rates, enhancement of mechanical, antibacterial, and magnetic cell patterning are some of the prospective applications of NP for devices in tissue repairing. [125][126][127][128] Moreover, MNP, including iron oxide NP, are also largely considered in regenerative TE, [129][130][131][132][133][134] with a high focus on hard tissue regeneration [79,[135][136][137] due to their well-known biocompatibility and magnetic properties. [79] The magnetic particles incorporated in a bone-like substitute can act as local magnetic field amplifiers due to their typically large magnetization.…”

Inorganic Nanomaterials in Tissue Engineering

“…The nano-movement induced by the magnetic field on the scaffolds seems able to cause forces in the range of pN, and cells act in response to those mechanical stimuli according to four major biochemical pathways: ion channels activation, ATP release, contraction of the cytoplasmatic actin and alteration of protein expression in particular FAK (focal adhesion kinase), which is the basis of biochemical signals, that stimulate the cells remodeling and differentiation. In this context, the magnetic scaffolds could guide the mechano-transduction signals allowing deeper tissue reparation [73,74].…”