Synthesis and antibacterial activity of new long-chain-alkyl bile acid-based amphiphiles

Cholic Acid‐Derived Facial Surfactants with Long Side‐Chain Quaternary Ammonium: Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity Study

“…This result illustrates that a flexible long saturated aliphatic chain and a quaternary ammonium effect together the inhibitory activity of these compounds against B. subtilis, S. longisporum, E. coli and S. enteritidis. In general, the critical micelle concentration (CMC) is a determining factor to affect the inhibitory activity through an interaction between amphiphilic molecules and proteins and bacterial cells [20]. Our results also found that the highest antibacterial and antimicrobial activity is observed at lower CMC, which is nearly in accord with our previous result.…”

“…Surface tensions of the aqueous solutions were measured at room temperature with a Du Nöuy tensiometer (Hurdson & Co., Kolkata, India) by the ring detachment method similar to our previous report [20]. CMC values of the different surfactants were determined by plotting the surface tension values against the concentration of the compounds in aqueous solutions.…”

“…Serial dilution concentration gradients ranged from 0.04 to 32 lg mL -1 . Using our previous method [20], the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of compounds were tested by a twofold microdilution method ( Table 2).…”

“…Recently, in order to explore new bile acids-derived amphiphilic molecules as potentially antibacterial reagents, we made modifications to the structure of bile acids to improve their tensiometric properties [20]. A saturated 12-18 carbon atom aliphatic chain was attached to the bile acid carboxyl group by an amido spacer on the hydrophobic face.…”

Facially amphiphilic polyionene biocidal polymers derived from lithocholic acid

“…They typically stay conjugated with taurine or glycine in the liver forming bile salts that serve as surfactants to solubilize dietary lipids and fats by the formation of micelles allowing digestion of food. Bile acids have been utilized in many areas including gene delivery [ 19 , 20 ], drug delivery [ 21 ], sensing [ 22 ], polymeric gels [ 23 ], antimicrobial agents [ [24] , [25] , [26] ] and other biological applications [ 27 ].…”