Synoptic views of sediment plumes and coastal geography of the Santa Barbara Channel, California

Mertes, Leal A. K.; Hickman, Melodee; Waltenberger, Ben; Bortman, Amy L.; Inlander, Ethan; McKenzie, Ceretha; Dvorsky, John

doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-1085(199805)12:6<967::aid-hyp666>3.0.co;2-f

Cited by 18 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Coastal plumes exhibit differences in turbidity, color, temperature, and salinity from ambient background water that can be observed via multispectral and hyperspectral imagers, thermal infrared (TIR) radiometers, microwave radiometers, and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) 71 , 72 . In the Southern California Bight, ocean color imagery from SeaWiFS 73 , MODIS 74 – 76 , and Landsat 77 have been utilized and combined with radiometers 78 , 79 and SAR 50 to delineate and track plumes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Turbidity and fecal indicator bacteria in recreational marine waters increase following the 2018 Woolsey Fire

Cira

Bafna

Lee

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Wildfires increase runoff and sediment yields that impact downstream ecosystems. While the effects of wildfire on stream water quality are well documented, oceanic responses to wildfire remain poorly understood. Therefore, this study investigated oceanic responses to the 2018 Woolsey Fire using satellite remote sensing and in situ data analyses. We examined 2016–2020 turbidity plume (n = 192) and 2008–2020 fecal indicator bacteria (FIB, n = 15,015) measurements at variable proximity to the Woolsey Fire. Shifts in coastal water quality were more pronounced in the “inside” region, which drained the burn area. The inside region experienced 2018–2019 plume surface area monthly means that were 10 and 9 times greater than 2016–2017 and 2017–2018 monthly means, respectively. Further, linear regressions showed that 2018–2019 three-day precipitation totals produced plumes of greater surface area. We also noted statistically significant increases in the inside region in 2018–2019 total coliform and Enterococcus monthly means that were 9 and 53 times greater than 2008–2018 monthly means, respectively. These results indicate that sediment and microbial inputs to coastal ecosystems can increase substantially post-wildfire at levels relevant to public and environmental health, and underscore the benefit of considering remote sensing and in situ measurements for water quality monitoring.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Turbidity and fecal indicator bacteria in recreational marine waters increase following the 2018 Woolsey Fire

Cira

Bafna

Lee

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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“…The high suspended sediment loads have implications for the dispersal of sediment into the ocean (Mulder and Syvitski 1995), and positively buoyant (hypopycnal) plumes often have been observed emanating from the mouths of steepland rivers following floods (Griggs and Hein 1980;Mertes et al 1998;Geyer et al 2000;Mertes and Warrick 2001). Under some conditions, negatively buoyant (hyperpycnal) plumes also can be generated, which, it is suggested, may be an important mechanism Manuscript received June 26, 2003;accepted March 9, 2004.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Event Suspended Sediment Characteristics and the Generation of Hyperpycnal Plumes at River Mouths: East Coast Continental Margin, North Island, New Zealand

Hicks¹,

Gómez²,

Trustrum³

2004

The Journal of Geology

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JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.. The University of Chicago Press is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The Journal of Geology. A B S T R A C TSteepland rivers draining small, coastal watersheds often have very high suspended sediment loads, but the event characteristics of suspended sediment concentration and yield in this class of river is not well documented. Continuous monitoring at four sites in the Waipaoa River basin, New Zealand, demonstrates that during individual and composite events, suspended sediment concentration versus water discharge relations typically show clockwise hysteresis and that event maximum concentration is poorly related to event peak discharge. The signature of different erosion processes is also imprinted on the event yield magnitude frequency distributions. Gully-dominated tributary basins produce relatively high yields at all frequencies, reflecting greater sediment availability, whereas in tributary basins, where shallow landsliding is the dominant erosion process, there is a steep increase in yields in relation to return period. We estimate that flood discharges from the Waipaoa River approach or exceed the critical suspended sediment concentration (∼40,000 mg L Ϫ1 ) for hyperpycnal plume generation (because of negative buoyancy) at the river mouth once every ∼40 yr, but in the neighboring Waiapu and Uawa Rivers, the threshold concentration may be exceeded once a year and two to three times a year, respectively.

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“…These fluxes represent rates of hillslope evacuation only, excluding sediment movement by creep or sheetwash or other processes, and assuming sediment moved from soil slip scars was fully removed from the slopes (consistent with field observations). The volumes of mass flux above help to explain the large marine sediment plumes observed off the California margin during El Niño events [ Mertes et al , 1998]. The measured values can be compared with sediment yields associated with storm‐driven soil slips on the mainland (Figure 11).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

El Niño–driven landsliding and postgrazing vegetative recovery, Santa Cruz Island, California

Pinter

Vestal

2005

J. Geophys. Res.

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[1] El Niño-driven storms triggered widespread slope failures on Santa Cruz Island (SCI), California, during the 1997-1998 winter. After 120 years of intensive grazing, sheep had been removed from the western 90% of SCI in the 1980s. The contrast between sheep-free western SCI and heavily grazed eastern SCI created a natural laboratory for studying the effects of grazing and postgrazing recovery. Logistic regression was used to identify factors that exerted significant control upon slope failure and to test the hypothesis that land use and vegetation were the dominant controls on failure occurrence in 1997-1998. High-resolution air photos were shot immediately before and after the storm season and were precisely orthorectified using a custom-generated 10 m digital elevation model. The before and after orthoimages were used to map 1922 discrete slope failures across the island, of which 720 were measured in the field and 202 were precisely surveyed. Although sheep-grazed land comprised just 10% of the island, 80% of all slope failures occurred in those areas. Additional controls on soil slip occurrence included bedrock lithology, slope aspect, slope curvature, and elevation. The predominate influence of land use on the 1997-1998 slope failures reflects the dramatic vegetative change on SCI in the $25 years since sheep removal on western SCI. On the basis of the best-fit logistic regression model, slope failures were 67 times less likely with each unit increase in Normalized Difference Vegetation Index. Increases in vegetation density and variety appear to have added significant strength to the soil, reinforcing the surface against widespread slope failures during precipitation events with return times as high as 100 years. Heavy rainfall also occurred in the study area during the 2004-2005 winter, 4 years after removal of the last sheep from all areas of the island in 2001. Field reconnaissance showed that vegetation density had increased markedly, and soil slippage was virtually absent in 2005 in areas heavily impacted in 1997-1998.

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Synoptic views of sediment plumes and coastal geography of the Santa Barbara Channel, California

Cited by 18 publications

References 22 publications

Turbidity and fecal indicator bacteria in recreational marine waters increase following the 2018 Woolsey Fire

Turbidity and fecal indicator bacteria in recreational marine waters increase following the 2018 Woolsey Fire

Event Suspended Sediment Characteristics and the Generation of Hyperpycnal Plumes at River Mouths: East Coast Continental Margin, North Island, New Zealand

El Niño–driven landsliding and postgrazing vegetative recovery, Santa Cruz Island, California

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