Synoptic Impacts on the Occurrence of Mesoscale Boundaries and Their Associated Convection Over an Area of Sharp Vegetation Contrast

Abstract

Mesoscale boundaries (i.e., boundary layer convergence lines) represent a narrow zone of low-level convergence that can sometimes promote convection initiation (CI) by forcing the air parcels to reach the level of free convection (e.g.,

A Comparison of Different Station Data on Revealing the Characteristics of Extreme Hourly Precipitation Over Complex Terrain: The Case of Zhejiang, China

“…The remaining EXHP records are further classified using the obliquely rotated principal component analysis (PCA) in T mode (PCA‐T hereinafter; Huth, 1996, 2000). This method organizes the input data matrix with grid points of each sample (circulation pattern) in rows and samples in columns, to find typical synoptic patterns more efficiently (Huang et al., 2022). Previous studies have suggested a reasonably good performance of the PCA‐T in the synoptic‐pattern classification in China (Bai et al., 2021; Chen et al., 2022; Liu et al., 2022).…”

“…The remaining EXHP records are further classified using the obliquely rotated principal component analysis (PCA) in T mode (PCA-T hereinafter; Huth, 1996Huth, , 2000. This method organizes the input data matrix with grid points of each sample (circulation pattern) in rows and samples in columns, to find typical synoptic patterns more efficiently (Huang et al, 2022).…”