Physical education is an important part of a university, and the satisfaction of college students for physical education directly determines the teaching effect of physical education. Therefore, it is of great significance to understand college students’ satisfaction with physical education and its influencing factors for improving the level of physical education. In this paper, by means of multistage sampling, probability sampling according to scale and random equidistant sampling, 7 main campuses, including 36 subcampuses, are selected for data entry, cleaning, and calculation by using the college physical education teaching system. Through the investigation of 1752 students, the results show that there are significant differences in grade, gender, cognition, credit, sense of responsibility, and teaching content ( P > 0.05 ), which are all factors affecting college students’ satisfaction. Cognition, grades, credits, and make-up test rate are the main influencing factors, with the influence degree ranging from 1 to 3, and there are significant differences in OR value and P value. Therefore, in the process of physical education, we should pay attention to the above-mentioned influencing factors, effectively reduce the occurrence rate of make-up examination and reexamination, adjust unreasonable teaching content, and improve students’ satisfaction with physical education.
The impacts of topography and urbanization on an extreme rainfall (ER) event in the Hangzhou Bay (HZB) region were investigated using the Weather Research and Forecasting model with one control simulation and three artificial scenarios of no‐HZB, no‐mountains on the south bank of HZB, and no‐urban. Thirty members with different combinations of physical parameterizations were considered for each scenario. The control test results were evaluated and they showed that the model well reproduced the ER that occurred in the HZB region, and the ensemble results were valuable and credible. The existence of HZB, mountains, and urbanization would increase the ensemble mean of accumulated precipitation by 52.07%, 37.11%, and 9.35%, and the probability of heavy rainfall by about 25%, 20%, and 15% in the main rain belt region, respectively. In addition, these factors also introduced more uncertainties in the same physical scheme combination. The impacts of these factors on the distribution, intensity, and mechanism were different. The comparison results showed that the existence of HZB played the most important role in this ER event by the remarkable influence of low‐level wind field and horizontal convergence, followed by the existence of mountains, which mainly affected the distribution of rainfall caused by the airflow climbing up the hill before the mountain. Although urbanization exerted positive effects on this ER event, the impact was relatively small and locally near the urban regions compared with the other two factors.
Under global warming (IPCC, 2013), evidence is building that the increased atmospheric temperature can lead to more extreme rainfall over short time scales (up to a few hours), which is supported by both observations and climate model simulations (
The urban morphology determined by urban canopy parameters (UCPs) plays an important role in simulating the interaction of urban land surface and atmosphere. The impact of urbanization on a typical summer rainfall event in Hangzhou, China, is investigated using the integrated WRF/urban modelling system. Three groups of numerical experiments are designed to assess the uncertainty in parameterization schemes, the sensitivity of urban canopy parameters (UCPs), and the individual and combined impacts of thermal and dynamical effects of urbanization, respectively. The results suggest that the microphysics scheme has the highest level of uncertainty in simulating precipitation, followed by the planetary boundary layer scheme, whereas the land surface and urban physics schemes have minimal impacts. The choices of the physical parameterization schemes for simulating precipitation are much more sensitive than those for simulating temperature, mixing ratio, and wind speed. Of the eight selected UCPs, changes in heat capacity, thermal conductivity, surface albedo, and roughness length have a greater impact on temperature, mixing ratio, and precipitation, while changes in building height, roof width, and road width affect the wind speed more. The total urban impact could lead to higher temperature, less mixing ratio, lower wind speed, and more precipitation in and around the urban area. Comparing the thermal and dynamical effects of urbanization separately, both of them contribute to an increase in temperature and precipitation and the thermal effect plays a major role. However, their impacts are opposite in changes of mixing ratio and wind speed, and each play a major role respectively.
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