Synoptic events associated with the land surface temperature in Rio de Janeiro

Abstract

ABSTRACT:This article aimed to evaluate land surface temperature using MOD11A2 (Terra satellite) with spatial resolution of one kilometre, compares its findings with land surface temperature data gathered by conventional meteorological stations, and, finally, investigates relations between land surface temperature and synoptic systems events that occurred in Rio de Janeiro State between January until December of 2009. The highest surface temperatures recorded by the MOD11A2 product, derived from the MODIS sensor, were found in the Metropolitana, Baixadas Litorâneas, Norte Fluminense and Noroeste Fluminense regions of Rio de Janeiro State and were recorded during the summer, winter and spring seasons. Autumn was the only exception, and this was due to the influence of the coastal environment. The following synoptic systems interfered with the estimated surface temperature produced by the MOD11A2 product for Rio de Janeiro State in 2009: the Madden Julian Oscillation and South Atlantic Convergence Zone in the summer; and Frontal Systems, the South Atlantic Convergence Zone, the Madden Julian Oscillation and the Upper Tropospheric Cyclonic Vortex in spring. The land use and occupation types with the highest surface temperature are: forest, urban area and pasture land in the summer; forest, urban area, agriculture and pasture land in autumn; and urban area and agriculture during spring. The MOD11A2 product showed a drastic decrease of the surface temperature for all land types during winter, especially for forested land.

Traits that allow bats of tropical lowland origin to conquer mountains: Bat assemblages along elevational gradients in the South American Atlantic Forest

“…According to that model the peak of richness should be at the elevation with the warmest‐wettest conditions. The observed patterns in this study fit well with the predictions of this model, as the highest temperatures are near the base of the mountains, and rainfall in the part of the Atlantic Forest included in this study is high across the elevational range (Delgado, Oliveira‐Júnior, Gois, Ávila Rodrigues, & Teodoro, ; Lyra, Correia, Oliveira‐Júnior, & Zeri, ). Indeed, the high temperatures and rainfall at low and mid elevations in the Atlantic Forest biome are presumably responsible for a more structured forest (Oliveira‐Filho & Fontes, ), with a higher number of niches and a greater abundance of resources, resulting in higher species richness and abundance.…”

Métodos baseados em temperatura do ar para estimativa de radiação solar incidente diária no Estado do Rio de Janeiro

“…Desempenho do Método de Hargreaves e Samani com coeficientes propostos por Hargreaves (1994) e coeficiente calibrado Allen (1995) para estimativa de Rs As estações existentes na RMRJ (Tabela 1) são influenciadas pelo alto grau de urbanização, principalmente pela intensificação da Ilha de Calor Urbano (ICU), seguido da sua fisiografia, como por exemplo, a presença de maciços costeiros, lagoas e as baías de Sepetiba e Guanabara (Moraes et al, 2005;Zeri et al, 2011;Oliveira Júnior et al, 2015;Wanderley et al, 2019). Além disso, a RMRJ juntamente com as Regiões Baixadas Litorâneas, Norte e Noroeste apresentam tx médias maiores (Silva et al, 2014;Delgado et al, 2017) e, portanto influenciaram nas estimativas da R s devido à grande amplitude térmica encontrada nessas regiões.…”

“…As estações ID1 e ID7 pertencem às regiões da Baixada Litorânea e Norte possuem tx e tn mais elevados do Estado, possuindo uma baixa amplitude térmica (Silva et al, 2014;Delgado et al, 2017). Isso se deve, ao fator latitude, além da influência do regime de ventos característicos da atuação do Anticiclone Subtropical do Atlântico Sul (ASAS), frequentes e intensos praticamente todo o ano.…”