Synopsis of the Organ Anatomy

Komárek, Vladimı́r; Gembardt, C; Krinke, Anneliese; MAHROUS, T; Schaetti, P.

doi:10.1016/b978-012426400-7.50054-6

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…The anatomic structures of rat middle and inner ears are similar to those of human middle ear (Albiin et al 1986;Burda and Voldrick 1980;Hellstrom et al 1982;Hofstetter et al 2001;Judkins and Li 1977;Komárek et al 2000;Muller 1991;Pinilla et al 2001). The range of hearing in the rat is ϳ250 -80,000 Hz at 70 dB (Heffner et al 1994;Kelly and Masterton 1977).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Click-evoked responses in vestibular afferents in rats

Zhu¹,

Tang²,

Wei³

et al. 2011

Journal of Neurophysiology

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Sound activates not only the cochlea but also the vestibular end organs. Research on this phenomenon led to the discovery of the sound-evoked vestibular myogenic potentials recorded from the sternocleidomastoid muscles (cervical VEMP, or cVEMP). Since the cVEMP offers simplicity and the ability to stimulate each labyrinth separately, its values as a test of human vestibular function are widely recognized. Currently, the cVEMP is interpreted as a test of saccule function based on the assumption that clicks primarily activate the saccule. However, sound activation of vestibular end organs other than the saccule has been reported. To provide the neural basis for interpreting clinical VEMP testing, we employed the broadband clicks used in clinical VEMP testing to examine the sound-evoked responses in a large sample of vestibular afferents in Sprague-Dawley rats. Recordings were made from 924 vestibular afferents from 106 rats: 255 from the anterior canal (AC), 202 from the horizontal canal (HC), 177 from the posterior canal (PC), 207 from the superior vestibular nerve otolith (SO), and 83 from the inferior nerve otolith (IO). Sound sensitivity of each afferent was quantified by computing the cumulative probability of evoking a spike (CPE). We found that clicks activated irregular afferents (normalized coefficient of variation of interspike intervals >0.2) from both the otoliths (81%) and the canals (43%). The order of end organ sound sensitivity was SO = IO > AC > HC > PC. Since the sternocleidomastoid motoneurons receive inputs from both the otoliths and the canals, these results provide evidence of a possible contribution from both of them to the click-evoked cVEMP.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Click-evoked responses in vestibular afferents in rats

Zhu¹,

Tang²,

Wei³

et al. 2011

Journal of Neurophysiology

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“…Fluorogold readily diffuses through soft tissues and may easily penetrate the delicate fascia covering the spermatic cord in male rats (and the round uterine ligament in females), thus gaining access to the peritoneal cavity through the open inguinal canal (12). Over the relatively long postinjection survival time of 4 days, the tracer can reach vagal nerve endings in intestines and retrogradely label vagal brain stem neurons.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Vagaries of adipose tissue innervation

Berthoud¹,

Fox²,

Neuhuber³

2006

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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“…In this model, photoreceptor cells were evenly damaged. In rats, although sparse, randomly distributed cones are present, most of the photoreceptor cells are rods responsible for scotopic vision [27].…”

Section: Time Course Of Mnu-induced Retinal Degeneration In Ratsmentioning

confidence: 99%

N-Methyl-N-nitrosourea-induced Retinal Degeneration in Animals

Tsubura

Yoshizawa

Kiuchi

et al. 2003

Acta Histochem. Cytochem

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Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a human disease characterized by loss of photoreceptor cells leading to visual disturbance and eventually to blindness. Establishment of reliable animal models is essential for better understanding of this disease and approaches to therapeutic intervention. N-Methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU)-induced retinal degeneration is highly reproducible, and involves photoreceptor cell loss that ends approximately 7 days after a single systemic administration of MNU. Although the triggering mechanisms of pathogenesis are different and the apoptosis cascade may differ from human RP, MNU-induced photoreceptor cell loss is due to apoptosis. Here, we describe disease progression and therapeutic trials of MNU-induced retinal degeneration in animals.

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Synopsis of the Organ Anatomy

Cited by 11 publications

References 51 publications

Click-evoked responses in vestibular afferents in rats

Click-evoked responses in vestibular afferents in rats

Vagaries of adipose tissue innervation

N-Methyl-N-nitrosourea-induced Retinal Degeneration in Animals

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