“…However, these rates may vary with p. For example, increasing protein translation rates has been shown to increase the probability a protein is misfolded (Komar et al, 1999;Cortazzo et al, 2002). Thus assuming that misfolded proteins are not all destroyed and consequently that some are used by the virus, misfolding can lead to increases in c and reductions in k. If a virus has adapted to reduce the antigenicity of its envelope proteins, misfolded proteins could lead to greater antibody binding to free virus, which would in turn lead to an increase in the virion's average clearance rate c. Similarly, misfolded envelope proteins would be expected to have a lower target cell binding rate, thus directly decreasing k. Finally, misfolded viral proteins involved in post cell-invasion processes, such as reverse transcription, should have lower enzymatic activities and shorter intracellular half-lives (and hence concentrations).…”