Synergy of staggered stacking confinement and microporous defect fixation for high-density atomic FeII-N4 oxygen reduction active sites

Chen, Menghui; Chen, Yongting; Yang, Zhili; Luo, Jin; Cai, Jialin; Jung, Joey Chung-Yen; Zhang, Jiujun; Chen, Shengli; Zhang, Shiming

doi:10.1016/s1872-2067(21)63992-x

Cited by 10 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Zhao et al [69] studied a N-doped multilayer graphene (N-MLG) through thermal decomposition of milk powder with Fe 2+ ions as catalytic growth agents at 1000 °C for 45-120 min, and found that pyrolysis time had a remarkable effect on the content and type of N-species with a direct correlation toward ORR activity Usually, a volcano plot between catalytic activity and pyrolysis time can be obtained. [70][71][72][73][74] Scharf et al [74] discussed how could the pyrolysis conditions (including the temperature and time) affect the activity and stability of fuel cell through analysis of carbon morphology and iron species based on the characterization of Raman and Mössbauer spectroscopy. Differently, Tei et al [75] observed the dynamic fluctuation of ORR activity with the pyrolysis time used in preparation of Fe-N-C catalyst through sintering an Fe-porphyrin derivative of hemin.…”

Section: Optimization Of Pyrolysis Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and Understanding of Active Sites of Non‐Noble Iron‐Nitrogen‐Carbon Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysis

Yang

Chen

Zhang

et al. 2023

Adv Funct Materials

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Non-noble iron-nitrogen-carbon (Fe-N-C) catalysts have been explored as one type of the most promising alternatives of precious platinum (Pt) in catalyzing the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). However, their catalytic ORR activity and stability still cannot meet the requirement of practical applications. Active sites in such catalysts are the key factors determining the catalytic performance. This review gives a critical overview on identification and understanding of active sties of non-pyrolytic and pyrolytic Fe-N-C catalysts in terms of design strategies, synthesis, characterization, functional mechanisms and performance validation. The diversity and complexity of active sites that greatly dominate the progress of Fe-N-C catalysts include Fe-containing sites (Fe-based nanoparticles and single-atom Fe-species) and metalfree sites (heteroatoms doping and defects). Meanwhile, synergistic effects are also discussed in this review with emphasis on the interaction among multiple active sites. Although substantial endeavors have been devoted to develop the efficient Fe-N-C catalysts, some challenges still remain. To facilitate further research on Fe-N-C catalysts toward practical applications, some research perspectives are prospected in the aspects of innovative synthesis methods, active-sites modulation strategies, high-resolution ex situ/in situ/ operando characterization techniques, theoretical calculations, and so on. This review may provide a guideline for identifying and understanding activesites for developing high-performance Fe-N-C catalysts.

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