Synergy of a Stabilized Antiferroelectric Phase and Domain Engineering Boosting the Energy Storage Performance of NaNbO₃-Based Relaxor Antiferroelectric Ceramics

Abstract

Relaxor antiferroelectric (AFE) ceramic capacitors have drawn growing attention in future advanced pulsed power devices for their superior energy storage performance. However, state of the art dielectric materials are restricted by desirable comprehensive energy-storage features, which have become a longstanding hurdle for actual capacitor applications. Here, we report that a large energy density W rec of 5.52 J/cm3, high efficiency η of 83.3% at 560 kV/cm, high power density P D of 114.8 MW/cm3, ultrafast discharge rate t 0.9 of 45 ns, and remarkable stability against temperature (30–140 °C)/frequency (5–200 Hz)/cycles (1–105) are simultaneously achieved in 0.7 NaNbO3-0.3 CaTiO3 relaxor AFE ceramics via the synergy of stabilized AFE R phase and domain engineering in combination with breakdown strength enhancement. The structural origin for these achievements is disclosed by probing the in situ microstructure evolution by means of the first-order reversal curve method, piezoelectric force microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The highly dynamic polar nanoregions and stabilized AFE R phase synergistically generate a linear-like and highly stable polarization field response over a wide temperature and field scope with concurrently improved energy density and efficiency. This work offers a new solution for designing high-performance next-generation pulsed power capacitors.

A synergistic two-step optimization design enables high capacitive energy storage in lead-free Sr0.7Bi0.2TiO3-based relaxor ferroelectric ceramics

“…34 Although the ESP has been improved signicantly through unremitting efforts, it is still poor (W rec < 5.5 J cm −3 and h < 95%) in SBT-related ceramics, which considerably limits the practical applications urgently requiring high W rec and h simultaneously. The insufficient E b (<350 kV cm −1 ) and sacri-ced P m were the main reason for unsatised ESP, giving rise to the difficulty for SBT-based materials to compete with potential systems including (Bi 0.5 Na 0.5 )TiO 3 (BNT), 6,[35][36][37][38][39][40][41] NaNbO 3 (NN), 4,[42][43][44] BiFeO 3 (BF), 2,7,16 BaTiO 3 (BT), 3,45-48 K 0.5 Na 0.5 NbO 3 (KNN), 49,50 and AgNbO 3 (AN) [51][52][53] in the eld of energy storage. Except domain engineering, the optimization of the sintering process for the improvement of sample quality is also an important way to enhance the ESP of dielectric ceramics, 18,54 which directly affects the mechanical properties.…”

Ultrahigh Polarization Response along Large Energy Storage Properties in BiFeO3–BaTiO3-Based Relaxor Ferroelectric Ceramics under Low Electric Field

“…A comparative analysis of W rec and η values between our optimized ceramics and currently declared dielectric ceramics are exhibited in Figure i. Note that the high W rec reported was usually achieved under a high E b (>300 kV/cm), while it is rare to acquire a terrific W rec (>3.5 J/cm 3 ) under a low E b (<200 kV/cm). ,,− ,− ,,,,− Practically, the electrostatic energy storage devices working at high electric field for a long time may cause security risks, which is a great challenge for the insulation of materials. In addition, to intuitively estimate the best ESP, the energy storage coefficient Q ( Q = W rec / E ) has been used, and the result is summarized in Figure j.…”

Achieving ultrahigh energy storage density and efficiency in 0.90NaNbO3–0.10BaTiO3 ceramics via a composition modification strategy

“…Compared with ferroelectric domains, PNRs can change rapidly with the inversion of the electric field, and thus the P-E hysteresis loop is refined, which promotes the improvement of energy storage efficiency. 43,44 Fig. 4(c) shows the W rec , W, and η values of NNBT-xBLMT ceramics at 230 kV cm −1 .…”