Synergy in co-pyrolysis of oil shale and pine sawdust in autoclaves

Johannes, Ille; Tiikma, Laine; Luik, Hans

doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2013.06.015

Cited by 46 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 20 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…It is clear that the information given, even for 1 plastic (PE or PP) mixed with biomass is not always completely consistent. Product distributions for biomass and plastics and their mixtures, as well as concentrations of the gases, depend in addition to the plastic and biomass composition on various other parameters (reaction time, gasifying agent, temperature, heating rate, catalysts, etc., these factors will be discussed later), so that it is not surprising that sometimes conflicting results are reported in literature [144]. However for polyolefines (PE and PP) and PS/biomass mixtures an almost general consensus exists: with increasing PE or PP, gas yield increases, tar and char decrease, H2 increases, CH4, hydrocarbons, CO and CO2 decrease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-pyrogasification of Plastics and Biomass, a Review

Block¹,

Ephraim

Weiss-Hortala

et al. 2018

Waste Biomass Valor

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Over the past few decades, the sharp rise in post-consumer plastic and biomass waste has resulted in an ever growing challenge to treat such waste sustainably. Co-pyrogasification of plastics and biomass mixtures, as opposed to separately converting these waste streams, offers several advantages including an improvement in syngas quality and composition (H2/CO ratio) in relation to the desired application, and an easier reactor feeding of plastics. Furthermore, many studies have shown that co-pyrogasification promotes the conversion of waste to gas rather than char and tar. However, in order to achieve the desired product distribution or syngas composition, operating parameters such as the reactor temperature, equivalence ratio (air or oxygen), steam/fuel ratio and catalyst, have to be optimized. Thus, this paper aims to review literature studies on the co-pyrogasification of plastics and biomass by considering various aspects including the process principle, reactors, influence of feedstock characteristics and operating parameters on the products, as well as the synergies observed during the thermoconversion of plastics and biomass mixtures with some reference to coal mixtures when necessary.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-pyrogasification of Plastics and Biomass, a Review

Block¹,

Ephraim

Weiss-Hortala

et al. 2018

Waste Biomass Valor

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In recent years, co-pyrolysis of woody biomass and plastic waste has gained considerable research interest mainly due to the positive contribution of plastics to the product yield and the calorific value of the oil produced [2][3][4][5][6]. According to Johannes et al [7], the interactions or synergy between biomass and plastics depends on various factors including the type and contact of the fuel components, pyrolysis duration, temperature and heating rate, and catalysts. Hence, it is not surprising that conflicting reports sometimes arise in literature concerning the differences between the actual and predicted yields of the pyrolysis products, where the predicted yields are calculated as linearly proportional to the contributions of the pure components.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-pyrolysis of wood and plastics: Influence of plastic type and content on product yield, gas composition and quality

Ephraim

Minh

Lebonnois

et al. 2018

Fuel

131

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In recent years, the world has witnessed a rapid rise in waste production and energy demand, which has increased interests in waste to energy processes, particularly the co-pyrolysis of wood and plastic waste. Nonetheless, for plastic waste, most research studies narrowly focus on polyolefins because of their abundance in waste streams and their high oil yields from pyrolysis. In this paper, we study the co-pyrolysis of non-polyolefins polystyrene (PS) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC)-and poplar wood (PW), in order to investigate the synergistic effect of PS and PVC content on product yield, gas specie yield and heating value. The experiments were performed using a fixed-bed reactor, heated to 750°C at a rate of 20°C/min under nitrogen atmosphere. Our results show that PVC has a large positive synergy on char yield with a maximum value of 8 wt% at 30 wt% PVC content, whereas PS only showed a slightly positive synergy (2.5 wt% maximum). Concerning oil and gas production, PS provides a small synergy. However, PVC showed a significant positive synergy on oil yield with a maximum value of 11 wt% at 50 wt% PVC content, which was linked to a strong negative synergy in gas production. Regarding gas specie yields, the addition of PS led to positive synergies in the formation of H 2 , CH 4 , CO and CO 2 , although insignificant interactions were observed for C H x y compounds. Furthermore, by comparing the distribution of chloride species in the products of co-pyrolysis with PVC, using experimental and theoretical methods, we discovered that the negative synergy in HCl yield observed was mainly due to the dissolution of HCl in the water fraction of the condensed oil phase, rather than the formation of chlorinated organic compounds, as suggested in previous literature works. Our study therefore consolidates the understanding of the synergistic interactions between wood, PS and PVC co-pyrolysis, under conditions that favour gas production.

show abstract

“…All improvements in oil quality and quantity during co-pyrolysis occurred through synergistic effects. The positive or negative synergy depends on the type and contact of components, pyrolysis duration, temperature and heating rate, removal or equilibrium of volatiles formed, and addition of solvents, catalysts, and hydrogen-donors [9]. However, the type of blending feedstock has a significant influence among these factors; thus, synergistic effects on co-pyrolysis can be complicatedly varied based on the feedstock [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%