Synergistic toxicity of dietary aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and zearalenone (ZEN) in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) is attenuated by anabolic effects

Ghafarifarsani, Hamed; Ahmad, Iqbal; Niewold, Theo; Pietsch-Schmied, Constanze; Moghanlou, Kourosh Sarvi

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2021.736793

Cited by 26 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Hemolysis consists of the breakdown of red blood cells with the release of hemoglobin [51], and complement hemolytic activity is an important indicator of immunity. In this study, both lysozyme and hemolytic activity of HSB exposed to AFB1 were reduced, indicating that immunity of HSB was weakened by dietary AFB1, corroborating previous findings in yellow catfish, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco [52] and rainbow trout [53].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Effects of Dietary Aflatoxin B1 on Hybrid Striped Bass (Morone chrysops × M. saxatilis) and Assessment of Supplemental Arginine as a Potential Aflatoxicosis Alleviator

Zhang

Rossi

Yamamoto

et al. 2022

Aquaculture Nutrition

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Aflatoxin contamination of feeds poses a significant threat to aquaculture. This six-week study was conducted to evaluate the impact of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in diets with and without supplemental arginine (Arg) on the production performance, somatic indices, body composition, and immune responses of hybrid striped bass (HSB). Six experimental diets were formulated to contain different levels of AFB1 (0, 1, or 2 mg/kg) and supplemental Arg (0 or 2%) following a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement. Triplicate groups of HSB (~5.44 g/fish) stocked in 18 glass aquaria were randomly assigned each diet and fed at a rate approaching apparent satiation twice daily. At the conclusion of the feeding trial, no interactions among dietary AFB1 and Arg were found. However, both medium (~1 mg/kg) and high (~2 mg/kg) levels of dietary AFB1 caused severe toxic effects on HSB directly affecting performance. Relative to control groups without AFB1 supplementation, steep reductions in weight gain (from 553% to 120% of initial weight), feed efficiency ratio (from 0.96 to 0.36), and protein retention (from 43% to 12%) were found in fish fed diets containing medium AFB1, and further reductions were observed in groups exposed to high AFB1. Dietary AFB1 also negatively affected condition factor and somatic indices and reduced whole-body protein and lipid contents relative to control groups. Significantly lower plasma hemolytic and lysozyme activities were found in fish exposed to dietary AFB1. Despite no significant protective effect of supplemental Arg being observed for most response parameters, reduced levels of Arg in plasma and muscle of AFB1-fed HSB indicated increased catabolism under nutritional stress. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that exposure to dietary AFB1 concentrations of ~1 and 2 mg/kg severely affected HSB and that supplemental Arg above requirement levels may be ineffective in alleviating aflatoxicosis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Effects of Dietary Aflatoxin B1 on Hybrid Striped Bass (Morone chrysops × M. saxatilis) and Assessment of Supplemental Arginine as a Potential Aflatoxicosis Alleviator

Zhang

Rossi

Yamamoto

et al. 2022

Aquaculture Nutrition

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“…In recent years, food supplementations are used to ameliorate the adverse effects of toxicants (Al‐Shawi et al, 2017; Al‐Shawi et al, 2021; Ghafarifarsani et al, 2021 a,b; Hajirezaee Rafieepour et al, 2019a; Hajirezaee et al, 2019b; Hajirezaee et al, 2020; Rafieepour et al, 2019a; Rafieepour et al, 2019b). Most fish lack the necessary enzymes de novo synthesis of vitamin‐C and the requirement of vitamin‐C is quite low for the growth and survival of fishes; however, a higher level is required to enhance the oxidative and stress resistance activity in fish.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ameliorative effects of dietary Vitamin‐C on growth performance and hemato‐biochemical response of sodium fluoride‐intoxicated Amur Carp, Cyprinus carpio haematopterus

Kaur

Batra

Shah

et al. 2022

Aquaculture Research

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This study aimed to assess the ameliorative dietary effect of vitamin‐C against sodium fluoride (NaF)‐induced toxicity on growth and haemato‐biochemical parameters in Amur carp. A total of 150 fish (average body weight 169 ± 0.69 g) were randomly distributed into five groups (with three triplicates) including G1 (control); G2 (NaF exposure @100 ppm); G3 (vitamin‐C supplemented diet @100 ppm); G4 (both NaF exposure @100 ppm and vitamin‐C supplemented diet @100 ppm) and G5 (NaF exposure @100 ppm for 60 days and then vitamin‐C supplemented diet @200 ppm for last 30 days). Results revealed that growth and hemato‐biochemical profile was best in G3 in comparison with G1, whereas groups G2, G4 and G5 have shown retarded growth, a decrease in Hb, TEC, PCV, MCV, MCH and MCHC. Serum‐biochemical parameters were found optimum in G3 as compared with G1 and in groups of G2, G4 and G5, total serum protein, albumin, globulin, glucose, and triglyceride levels decreased significantly, whereas creatinine, AST and ALT levels increased significantly. In G4, toxicity was less severe in comparison with G2, whereas in G5, after the dietary supplementary of vitamin‐C, parameters have shown a bend towards the normal values. Thus, it can be concluded that vitamin‐C has ameliorative action against fluoride toxicity in fish.

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“…In Chinese sea bass, different concentrations of AFB1 led to varying degrees of blurring and damage to the tightly connected structures of the fish intestine, with clear gaps and vacuolation of cells [ 47 ]. In a study on rainbow trout, it was found that the presence of AFB1 at 50–100 μ g kg −1 in the diet caused shortening of the villi and damage to the villi [ 48 ]. In this experiment, the expression levels of jam , claudin15 , claudin3 , and occludin were all progressively downregulated with increasing dietary AFB1 concentrations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, the intestinal reactive oxygen content increased, leading to dysfunctional intestinal antioxidant function. When exposed to oxidative stress, the production of O 2 radicals can lead to the oxidation of amino acids and cysteine in enzymes, which results in a decrease in SOD activity [ 48 ]. Previous research has shown that in Nile tilapia, dietary AFB1 reduces CAT and SOD activity due to the damaging effect of free radicals (hydrogen peroxide) produced by AFB1-induced oxidative stress [ 53 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Dietary Aflatoxin B1 on Hybrid Grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × Epinephelus lanceolatus ♂) Growth, Intestinal Health, and Muscle Quality

Liu,

Xie,

Huang

et al. 2024

Aquaculture Nutrition

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This study investigated the effects of varying doses of dietary aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) on the growth, intestinal health, and muscle quality of hybrid grouper. Four diets with varying AFB1 concentrations (0, 30, 445, and 2,230 μg kg−1) were used. Elevating AFB1 concentrations led to a decline in growth indexes, specifically the weight gain rate and the specific growth rate, although the survival rate remained unchanged. Morphological indicators showed a dose-dependent decline with AFB1 exposure. Intestinal MDA content and hindgut reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels increased, while antioxidant indexes and digestive enzymes decreased with higher AFB1 levels. AFB1 negatively influenced hindgut tight junction protein and antioxidant-related gene expression while promoting inflammation-related gene expression. The presence of AFB1 in the experiment led to a decrease in beneficial intestinal bacteria, such as Prevotella, and an increase in harmful intestinal bacteria, such as Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group. Muscle lipid and unsaturated fatty acid content significantly decreased, while muscle protein and liver AFB1 content increased dramatically with higher AFB1 concentrations. AFB1 caused myofibrillar cleavage and myofilament damage, leading to increased spaces between muscle fibers. In conclusion, diets with AFB1 levels exceeding 30 μg kg−1 inhibited hybrid grouper growth, while levels surpassing 445 μg kg−1 resulted in hindgut ROS accumulation, inflammation, elevated intestinal permeability, reduced digestive enzyme activity, and compromised muscle quality.

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Synergistic toxicity of dietary aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and zearalenone (ZEN) in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) is attenuated by anabolic effects

Cited by 26 publications

References 52 publications

Effects of Dietary Aflatoxin B1 on Hybrid Striped Bass (Morone chrysops × M. saxatilis) and Assessment of Supplemental Arginine as a Potential Aflatoxicosis Alleviator

Effects of Dietary Aflatoxin B1 on Hybrid Striped Bass (Morone chrysops × M. saxatilis) and Assessment of Supplemental Arginine as a Potential Aflatoxicosis Alleviator

Ameliorative effects of dietary Vitamin‐C on growth performance and hemato‐biochemical response of sodium fluoride‐intoxicated Amur Carp, Cyprinus carpio haematopterus

Effects of Dietary Aflatoxin B1 on Hybrid Grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × Epinephelus lanceolatus ♂) Growth, Intestinal Health, and Muscle Quality

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