Synergistic surface-enhanced Raman scattering effect to distinguish live SARS-CoV-2 S pseudovirus

Detection of live SARS-CoV-2 virus and its variants by specially designed SERS-active substrates and spectroscopic analyses

“…The proliferated virus samples were then subjected to whole gene sequencing to confirm the genotype of the obtained samples in determining SARS-CoV-2 variants. The cultured virus samples were then stored in a freezer at −80 °C in BSL-3 Lab [ 20 ]. These variants have essentially the same composition and structure, except for the mutation site expressed on the spike glycoprotein.…”

“…For example, when the spike glycoprotein is isolated or inactivated from a live SARS-CoV-2 virus, a different spike glycoprotein from that in the live virus may be produced. In our previous study [ 20 ], a live S pseudovirus was synthesized using the spike glycoprotein from the hCoV-19/Wuhan/WH01/2019 virus [ 28 ], and its characteristic SERS spectrum was used to correlate with that of live A.3 variant in this study. Although these two spike glycoproteins are mostly similar in chemical composition and structure, the Raman peak assignment of spike glycoproteins in the literature remains a challenge to the original quality.…”

Perspective Chapter: Novel Diagnostics Methods for SARS-CoV-2

“…; physical methods include ion sputtering, magnetron sputtering, etc. [13,18,20,[23][24][25][26] Compared with the chemical method, the substrate prepared by the physical method has a more regular array structure, which can build a more uniform "hot spot" structure according to the detection requirements, so as to achieve higher detection sensitivity. In addition, compared with nanomaterials prepared by chemical method, substrates with nanostructures prepared by physical method are easier to be produced on a large scale.…”

Contributions of vibrational spectroscopy to virology: A review

“…Gold nanoparticle SERS combined with PCA identified largely protein markers which differentiated transfected and nontransfected cells although the process of transfection was not explicitely studied. In this context, pseudoviruses have been demonstrated to be useful to study viral attachment and cellular entry processes, as well as antibody neutralisation assays [187] , or simply viral detection strategies [188] . Such pseudoviruses are relatively easily generated using retro/lentivirus templates [189] , and can be tailored to express different surface spike protein configurations to mimic and study the behaviours of emerging mutations.…”