Synergistic property of piperonyl butoxide, diethyl maleate, triphenyl phosphate and verapamil hydrochloride with deltamethrin and ivermectin against Rhipicephalus microplus ticks

Shakya, Mukesh; Nandi, Abhijit; Fular, Ashutosh; Kumar, Sachin; Bisht, Nisha; Sharma, Anil Kumar; Singh, Kaushlendra; Kumar, Rajesh; Kumar, Satyanshu; Juliet, Sanis; Ghosh, Srikant

doi:10.1016/j.ttbdis.2022.102006

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…In this context, the combination of deltamethrin and piperonyl butoxide showed greater efficacy, achieving mortality rates of 44%, 36%, and 48%, respectively, compared to the exclusive use of deltamethrin (Table 1). Piperonyl butoxide exhibits a synergistic effect, which acts as an inhibitor of the metabolic detoxification of insects (Shakya et al, 2022). It binds non-covalently to the cytochrome P450 enzyme (Hodgson & Levi, 1999), altering the function of the oxidases responsible for detoxification and affecting their ability to metabolize molecules such as pyrethroids (Fouad et al, 2023).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control failure of deltamethrin in Colombian populations of Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae)

Ramírez-Cabrera,

López-Díaz,

Canal

et al. 2024

rcia

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Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) is a major pest in stored cereals in Colombia, which causes significant lossesin production. Chemical control is the main tool used in the country, and despite the common use ofinsecticides such as deltamethrin, resistance has been observed in some Colombian populations but isa worldwide problem. The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficacy of deltamethrin and thecombination of deltamethrin and piperonyl butoxide in Colombian populations of R. dominica. Failureto control and survival tests showed that the recommended doses on product labels were insufficient toprotect the grain from this pest. Failure control demonstrated that mortality did not exceed 80 percent inthe populations studied. Differences in susceptibility were observed between populations, with El Espinaland Neiva highlighted as less susceptible and Pore as the most sensitive to the action of insecticides.The combination of deltamethrin and piperonyl butoxide reduced insect survival but did not effectivelycontrol it (0–20%). These results suggest that R. dominica may be developing resistance to insecticides,as has been found in other countries. This underscores the importance of conducting toxicological studies and the need to investigate molecules with diverse modes of action, contributing to the strengthening ofchemical management strategies. To achieve effective control, it is necessary to implement IntegratedPest Management (IPM) with a focus on alternative methods to chemical control.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control failure of deltamethrin in Colombian populations of Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae)

Ramírez-Cabrera,

López-Díaz,

Canal

et al. 2024

rcia

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“…The same superscript in a row for particular treatment did not differ signi cantly. (NS: Non signi cant)The gures in parenthesis indicates per cent e cacy.The average pre-treatment tick count in T1 and T2 group was 55.80 ± 11 29. and 107.60 ± 28.12, respectively.…”

mentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The chemical acaricides are extensively used for the management of ticks and tick borne diseases in tropical and subtropical countries as a short term measure. However, continuous use of chemical acaricides has led to the development of acaricide resistant tick populations throughout India (Sharma et al, 2012;Kumar et al, 2020;Bisht et al, 2021;Fular et al, 2021 andShakya et al, 2022), toxic residues in livestock products and environmental pollution (Vudriko et al, 2016 andChoudhary et al, 2018). Keeping this in view, the current situation in India demands a development and promoting affordable, easily available, non-toxic, eco-friendly, effective and safe acaricide formulation for implementation of effective tick control strategies (Solomon et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-vivo Acaricidal Efficacy of Aqueous Extract of Azadirachta Indica Leaves in Cattle

Hatzade

Waghmare

Bhikane

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The 70% (v/v) aqueous extract of A. indica leaves evaluated for its efficacy against cattle ticks. The group T1 and T2 were treated with 70% aqueous extract of A. indica leaves topically once in a day and twice at 24 hrs interval, respectively. The tick count in 10x10 cm areas on different regions of animal body was carried out on ‘0’ day (before treatment) and 24 hrs, 3rd, 7th, 14th and 28th day after treatment. The per cent efficacy of extract was evaluated on the basis of reduction in tick count with in the observed area on the treated animals. The average tick count in T1 and T2 group was 55.80 ± 11.29, 49.90 ± 11.08, 35.40 ± 7.95, 24.00 ± 5.74, 17.90 ± 7.35, 11.70 ± 2.87 and 107.60 ± 28.12, 97.00 ± 27.85, 83.30 ± 29.75, 70.30 ± 30.51, 62.70 ± 32.97, 18.80 ± 5.05 on day 0 (pre-treatment), 1, 3, 7, 14 and 28, respectively. The tick count was progressively reduced with increase in per cent efficacy after treatment at various intervals in both the groups. The statistical analysis revealed significant variation between different intervals in group T1 with significant reduction in tick count from 7th day (24.00 ± 5.74), 14th day (17.90 ± 7.35) and 28th day (11.70 ± 2.87) post treatment as compared to pre-treatment tick count (55.80 ± 11.29). In T2 group, the average tick count was found non-significant at various treatment intervals, however, it was markedly reduced on 28th day (18.80 ± 5.05) after treatment as compared to pre-treatment tick count (107.60 ± 28.12). Per cent efficacy was higher in T2 group (82.53%) than T1 group (79.03%) on 28th day after treatment. The reduction in tick count might be due to the most prominent phytoconstituent azadirachtin present in A. indica leaves. Clinical parameters in all the animals were within normal reference range at various treatment intervals in both the groups. The skin coat becomes smooth and shiny after treatment from 14th day with reduction in tick burden.

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Ivermectin resistance mechanisms in ectoparasites: a scoping review

Furnival-Adams,

Kiuru,

Sagna

et al. 2024

Parasitol Res

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Ivermectin mass drug administration has been used for decades to target human and veterinary ectoparasites, and is currently being considered for use against malaria vectors. Although there have been few reports of resistance to date in human ectoparasites, we must anticipate the development of resistance in mosquitoes in the future. Hence, through this review, we mapped the existing evidence on ivermectin resistance mechanisms in human ectoparasites. A search was conducted on the 8th November 2023 through databases, PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, using terms related to ivermectin, human and veterinary ectoparasites, and resistance. Abstracts (5893) were screened by JFA and CK. Data on the study organism, the type of resistance, the analysis methods, and, where applicable, the gene loci of interest were extracted from the studies. Details of the methodology and results of each study were summarised narratively and in a table. Eighteen studies were identified describing ivermectin resistance in ectoparasites. Two studies described target site resistance; and 16 studies reported metabolic resistance and/or changes in efflux pump expression. The studies investigated genetic mutations in resistant organisms, detoxification, and efflux pump expression in resistant versus susceptible organisms, and the effect of synergists on mortality or detoxification enzyme/efflux pump transcription. To date, very few studies have been conducted examining the mechanisms of ivermectin resistance in ectoparasites, with only two on Anopheles spp. Of the existing studies, most examined detoxification and efflux pump gene expression, and only two studies in lice investigated target-site resistance. Further research in this field should be encouraged, to allow for close monitoring in ivermectin MDA programmes, and the development of resistance mitigation strategies. Graphical Abstract

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Synergistic property of piperonyl butoxide, diethyl maleate, triphenyl phosphate and verapamil hydrochloride with deltamethrin and ivermectin against Rhipicephalus microplus ticks

Cited by 7 publications

References 58 publications

Control failure of deltamethrin in Colombian populations of Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae)

Control failure of deltamethrin in Colombian populations of Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae)

In-vivo Acaricidal Efficacy of Aqueous Extract of Azadirachta Indica Leaves in Cattle

Ivermectin resistance mechanisms in ectoparasites: a scoping review

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