The present study was undertaken to compare the anesthetic efficacy of tiletamine-zolazepam and ketamine-diazepam combination in 12 bitches presented to the TVCC, PGIVAS, Akola for ovariohysterectomies. These 12 dogs were randomly divided into two equal groups. Group I dogs were anaesthetized with tiletamine-zolazepam and Group II dogs were anaesthetized with ketaminediazepam combination. In both the groups xylazine was used as a pre-anaesthetic. Quality of anaesthesia, assessment of anaesthesia and clinico-physiological parameters were recorded at different time intervals during the study period. The quality of anaesthesia was found to be superior in group I as compared to group II. Induction of anaesthesia was rapid and smooth in both the groups.However, duration of anaesthesia and recovery time was longer in group I as compared to group II. Smooth recovery was observed in both the groups. Rectal temperature and respiration rate was showing decreasing trend in both the groups however, these values were within normal physiological range. Heart rate in both the group was showing decreasing trend with the appearance of bradycardia during recovery in both the groups. SpO 2 level was fluctuating within normal physiological limit in both the groups. Quality of muscle relaxation of tiletamine was better than ketamine and overall quality of anaesthesia of tiletamine-zolazepam was found to be superior as compare to ketamine-diazepam combination.

The 70% (v/v) aqueous extract of A. indica leaves evaluated for its efficacy against cattle ticks. The group T1 and T2 were treated with 70% aqueous extract of A. indica leaves topically once in a day and twice at 24 hrs interval, respectively. The tick count in 10x10 cm areas on different regions of animal body was carried out on ‘0’ day (before treatment) and 24 hrs, 3rd, 7th, 14th and 28th day after treatment. The per cent efficacy of extract was evaluated on the basis of reduction in tick count with in the observed area on the treated animals. The average tick count in T1 and T2 group was 55.80 ± 11.29, 49.90 ± 11.08, 35.40 ± 7.95, 24.00 ± 5.74, 17.90 ± 7.35, 11.70 ± 2.87 and 107.60 ± 28.12, 97.00 ± 27.85, 83.30 ± 29.75, 70.30 ± 30.51, 62.70 ± 32.97, 18.80 ± 5.05 on day 0 (pre-treatment), 1, 3, 7, 14 and 28, respectively. The tick count was progressively reduced with increase in per cent efficacy after treatment at various intervals in both the groups. The statistical analysis revealed significant variation between different intervals in group T1 with significant reduction in tick count from 7th day (24.00 ± 5.74), 14th day (17.90 ± 7.35) and 28th day (11.70 ± 2.87) post treatment as compared to pre-treatment tick count (55.80 ± 11.29). In T2 group, the average tick count was found non-significant at various treatment intervals, however, it was markedly reduced on 28th day (18.80 ± 5.05) after treatment as compared to pre-treatment tick count (107.60 ± 28.12). Per cent efficacy was higher in T2 group (82.53%) than T1 group (79.03%) on 28th day after treatment. The reduction in tick count might be due to the most prominent phytoconstituent azadirachtin present in A. indica leaves. Clinical parameters in all the animals were within normal reference range at various treatment intervals in both the groups. The skin coat becomes smooth and shiny after treatment from 14th day with reduction in tick burden.

This study reports the analysis of clinical signs, haemato-biochemical alterations, and various therapeutic protocols followed in the treatment of 439 cases of lumpy skin disease (LSD) affected cattle in Akola and Bhandara districts of Maharashtra state, India from August 2020 to October 2020. LSD was diagnosed based on the characteristic clinical signs such as fever, raised, circular, firm, nodules on the skin, swelling on legs, edema with moderate lymphadenopathy, lameness and cellulitis, etc. as per the guidelines given in the OIE manual with Laboratory confirmation of 5 cases at High-Security Animal Disease Laboratory (NIHSAD), Bhopal through Regional Disease Investigation Laboratory, Department of Animal Husbandry, Akola. Out of 439 cases, 427 (97.27%) were cattle and 12 (2.73%) were buffaloes, indicating higher susceptibility of cattle than buffaloes with 88.61% females and 11.39% males among all affected animals. The current study revealed higher susceptibility in 372 (84.74%) crossbred animals followed by 67 (15.26%) non-descript cattle. Animals in the age group of 1-5 years were highly affected (58.54%) followed by animals above the age of 5 years (34.85%) and least in cattle aged below 1 year (6.61%). It was also observed that lactating animals were affected more (35.77%) than pregnant animals (23.58%). Treatment with Enrofloxacin along with antihistaminics, NSAIDs, and Vit B-complex for 3-10 days depending upon the severity of cases was the most cost-effective as compared to other treatment protocols.