Synergistic Properties of Phosphonate and Polymeric Scale-Inhibitor Blends for Barium Sulfate Scale Inhibition

Shaw, Scott; Sorbie, Kenneth Stuart

doi:10.2118/169752-pa

Cited by 22 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The BET surface area, total pore volume, and average pore diameter of OTiO 2 (w) are 52.37 m 2 /g, 0.12 cm 3 /g, and 9.2 nm, respectively. As reported elsewhere, the BET surface area of traditional TiO 2 systems, such as P25, is approximately 10 m 2 /g [25]. The high BET surface area of OTiO 2 (w) is attributed to the whisker morphology and the numerous pores on the surface (as shown in Figure 2a).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 66%

Anti-Corrosive and Scale Inhibiting Polymer-Based Functional Coating with Internal and External Regulation of TiO2 Whiskers

Wang

et al. 2018

Coatings

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Abstract:A novel multi-functional carrier of mesoporous titanium dioxide whiskers (TiO 2 (w)) modified by ethylenediamine tetra (methylene phosphonic acid) (EDTMPA) and imidazoline was devised in epoxy coating to improve the anti-corrosion and scale inhibition properties of metal surface. Rigorous characterization using analytical techniques showed that a mesoporous structure was developed on the TiO 2 (w). EDTMPA and imidazoline were successfully grafted on the outer and inner surfaces of mesoporous TiO 2 (w) to synthesize iETiO 2 (w). The results demonstrated that the corrosion resistance of the final iETiO 2 (w) epoxy coating is 40 times higher than that of the conventional unmodified OTiO 2 (w) epoxy coating. The enhanced corrosion resistance of the iETiO 2 (w) functional coating is due to the chelation of the scaling cations by EDTMPA and electron sharing between imidazoline and Fe. Scale formation on the iETiO 2 (w) coating is 35 times lower than that on the unmodified OTiO 2 (w) epoxy coating. In addition, EDTMPA and imidazoline act synergistically in promoting the barrier property of mesoporous TiO 2 (w) in epoxy coating. It is believed that this novel, simple, and inexpensive route for fabricating functional surface protective coatings on various metallic materials will have a wide range of practical applications.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 66%

Anti-Corrosive and Scale Inhibiting Polymer-Based Functional Coating with Internal and External Regulation of TiO2 Whiskers

Wang

et al. 2018

Coatings

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“…Barium sulfate is one of the most difficult types of scale to inhibit in oil-and gasproduction systems because of its physical hardness and its chemical and thermal stability [74]. Barium sulfate is most commonly inhibited with either phosphonate or polymeric scale inhibitors deployed at substoichiometric concentrations.…”

Section: Synergistic Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effect resulting from the use of combinations of two or more scale inhibitors synergistically for enhanced scale inhibition performance has been assessed [74].…”

Section: Synergistic Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Certain pairs of scale inhibitors used together yield a significantly beneficial effect, for example, diethylene triamine penta methylene phosphonic acid and hexamethylene triamine penta methylene phosphonic acid [74]. Certain pairs of scale inhibitors used together yield a significantly beneficial effect, for example, diethylene triamine penta methylene phosphonic acid and hexamethylene triamine penta methylene phosphonic acid [74].…”

Section: Synergistic Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Scale inhibitors

2015

Petroleum Engineer's Guide to Oil Field Chemicals and Fluids

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In certain operations in petroleum industries, such as production, stimulation, and transport, there is some risk of scale deposition. Scaling can occur when a solution becomes supersaturated, which occurs mostly if the temperature changes in the course of injection operations.Also, if two chemicals that will form a precipitate are brought together, a scale is formed, for example, if a hydrogen fluoride solution meets calcium ions. From a thermodynamic perspective, there is a stable region, a metastable region, and an unstable region, which are separated by the binodal curve and the spinodale curve, respectively.Scales may consist of calcium carbonate, barium sulfate, gypsum, strontium sulfate, iron carbonate, iron oxides, iron sulfides, and magnesium salts [1]. In the literature some monographs, for example, Corrosion and Scale Handbook [2], as well as reviews [3] on scale depositions are available. Case studies have been presented for North Sea carbonate reservoirs [4, 5] and Gulf of Mexico [6]. A more recent work focuses on green systems [7]. SCALE PREDICTIONAn overview of scale prediction and control has been presented [8]. The challenges of scale prediction at high temperature, high pressure, and high total dissolved solids and an accurate model to predict pH, scale indices, density, and inhibitor needs at these conditions have been discussed and reviewed. CLASSIFICATION AND MECHANISMThe problem is basically similar to preventing scale inhibition in washing machines. Therefore similar chemicals are used to prevent scale deposition. Scale inhibition can be achieved either by adding substances that react with potential scale forming substances so that from the view of thermodynamics the stable region is reached or by adding substances that suppress crystal growth.Petroleum Engineer's Guide to Oil Field Chemicals and Fluids. http://dx.

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“…At present, the most effective method for preventing salt formation is the use of chemical reagentsinhibitors (Gu et al, 2013;Li et al, 2014). In this case, the following factors are taken into account: geological and physical conditions of oil occurrence, ion content analysis of formation and injection waters, simulation and evaluation of the salt formation tendency, injection of selected or developed scale inhibitor, and systematic monitoring of oil well parameters (Senthilmurugan et al, 2011a;Shaw & Sorbie, 2015;Vazquez et al, 2016). All these treatments and activities are designed to ensure the efficient and reliable operation of wells.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction and Inhibition of Inorganic Salt Formation under Static and Dynamic Conditions – Effect of Pressure, Temperature, and Mixing Ratio

Khormali¹,

Petrakov²,

Farmanzade³

2016

IJTech

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As a result of waterflooding, inorganic salt precipitation occurs in the different parts of an oil production system, thereby leading to damage of production equipment. Different parameters affect the kinetics of salt precipitation. Scale inhibitors are widely used to prevent inorganic salt formation. In this study, the effect of reservoir pressure, temperature, and mixing ratio of injection to formation water on calcium sulfate and barium sulfate precipitation was investigated. For this purpose, two different formation waters and one injection water were used. In addition, the effect of temperature and mixing ratio on inhibition performance was studied. Four different existing industrial scale inhibitors and one new scale inhibitor were used. The performance of the scale inhibitors was determined under static and dynamic conditions. Results of the study showed that calcium sulfate precipitation increased with an increase in temperature and a decrease in pressure. Barium sulfate precipitation was found to increase with a decrease in the temperature. The effect of pressure on barium sulfate formation was negligible. The developed scale inhibitor showed the highest performance for the prevention of calcium sulfate and barium sulfate formation. A change in temperature from 60°C to 120°C reduced the inhibitor performance by 3%. In the cases of calcium sulfate and barium sulfate, the minimum performance of the scale inhibitor was observed when the mixing ratios of injection to formation waters were 60:40 and 50:50, respectively.

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Synergistic Properties of Phosphonate and Polymeric Scale-Inhibitor Blends for Barium Sulfate Scale Inhibition

Cited by 22 publications

References 15 publications

Anti-Corrosive and Scale Inhibiting Polymer-Based Functional Coating with Internal and External Regulation of TiO2 Whiskers

Anti-Corrosive and Scale Inhibiting Polymer-Based Functional Coating with Internal and External Regulation of TiO2 Whiskers

Scale inhibitors

Prediction and Inhibition of Inorganic Salt Formation under Static and Dynamic Conditions – Effect of Pressure, Temperature, and Mixing Ratio

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