Synergistic Effects of Regular Walking and Alkaline Electrolyzed Water on Decreasing Inflammation and Oxidative Stress, and Increasing Quality of Life in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes: A Community Based Randomized Controlled Trial

Abstract

Alkaline electrolyzed water (AEW) and walking are strongly recommended for ameliorating oxidative stress and inflammation. Nevertheless, there is a lack of information on the combination of both on alleviating inflammation, oxidative stress, and improving the quality of life (QoL). We investigated the synergistic effects of drinking AEW and walking on advanced glycation end products (AGEs), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs), malondialdehyde (MDA), white blood cells (WBCs), neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and QoL. In total, 81 eligible patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) were randomly allocated via single blind to four groups: consumed 2 L/day of AEW (n = 20), instructed to walk for 150 min/week (n = 20), received a combination of AEW and walking (n = 20), and continue their habitual diet and activity (n = 21). Data were collected and analyzed before and after 8 weeks of intervention. Our results showed a significant interaction between the group and time, with both AEW and walking independently and synergistically ameliorating AGEs, AOPPs, MDA, NLR and WBCs levels. Moreover, the AEW group had a higher physical and total QoL score. The walking group and the combined group had higher scores in physical, mental and total QoL compared to the control group. The synergistic effect of AEW and regular walking are an advisable treatment for patients with T2DM.

Alkaline Reduced Water Attenuates Oxidative Stress-Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Innate Immune Response Triggered by Intestinal Epithelial Dysfunction

“…As expected, both the pH 8.5 and pH 10 ARW-enriched media rescued the cell from the cytotoxic effect of H 2 O 2 . Several studies have shown that ARW has cytoprotective effects against oxidative stress in various cell types [21,28], which supports our findings. We further found that ARW-enriched medium promoted promigratory action and wound healing in H 2 O 2 -induced DLD1.…”

Associations of alkaline water with metabolic risks, sleep quality, muscle strength: A cross-sectional study among postmenopausal women

“…In the present study, we found that alkaline drinkers have lower serum fasting blood glucose and triglycerides which add evidence to the scarcity of data on this aspect in human trials. Previous human studies showed alkaline water supplementation ameliorated blood glucose [ 9 , 12 , 14 ] and HbA1c [ 14 ] significantly, which was incongruent with human [ 5 , 10 – 11 ] or animal studies [ 53 , 56 – 58 ]. Earlier, it was hypothesized that alkaline water could substantially increase the activity of hexokinase, which is a pivotal enzyme inducing the reduction of blood glucose levels [ 59 ].…”

Psychometric Testing of the Bahasa Version of the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire among Indonesians with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

“…After 12 h of fasting, all respondents were invited to assess blood glucose control using a fasting blood sample (5 mL) that was withdrawn from an antecubital vein. The blood was mixed with dipotassium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (1.5 to 2.2 mg/mL) and analyzed on an XP-100 automated hematology cell counter (Sysmex, Kobe, Japan) [ 32 ].…”