Psychometric Testing of the Bahasa Version of the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire among Indonesians with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

The Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (B-IPQ) has been recommended to validate illness perception. Nevertheless, this measurement has yet to be validated with an assessment of the construct and convergent validities and reliability in Indonesia. Our study aimed to psychometrically test the 8-item B-IPQ among Indonesians with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Data included 294 patients with T2DM with stratified multistage clustering. The 36-item Short Form Survey, 21-item Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, and fasting blood glucose (FBG) were used to examine convergence and divergence. The validity analysis included the construct and convergent validities with significant person correlations. Cronbach’s alpha, composite reliability (CR), and average variance extracted (AVE) were used to assess reliability. Confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses indicated a multidimensional structure, including cognitive with a five-item structure and emotional illness representation with a three-item structure, with an acceptable goodness of model fit. The tool revealed good internal consistency for the cognitive, emotional, and overall domains and was positively moderately correlated with FBG, stress, anxiety, and depression but negatively correlated with the overall quality of life and mental and physical component scores. Findings provide empirical evidence that the Bahasa version of the B-IPQ showed adequate internal consistency, exploratory and confirmatory, and thus is valid and reliable for illness perception assessments among Indonesians with T2DM.

Cognitive and Emotional Perceptions of Illness in Patients Diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

“…Chew et al (2017) found that the psychometric properties of each item were moderate, as was the test-retest reliability [39]. The Bahasa version of the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire has been shown to be a valid and reliable scale for measuring illness perception in Indonesians with T2DM [40]. The internal consistency of the questionnaire was satisfactory (0.74) for the field questionnaire as measured by Cronbach's alpha.…”

“…We also found that the kappa exceeded 0.74, indicating that the validity of the questions in the questionnaire is excellent. The questionnaire has already been evaluated in patients with T2DM [39,40] and other chronic diseases: heart failure [41], spinal cord injury [22], cancer patients [42][43][44], patients with chronic low back pain [45], tuberculosis [46] and many others [3]. Chew et al (2017) found that the psychometric properties of each item were moderate, as was the test-retest reliability [39].…”

Sociodemographic and clinical variables associated with negative illness perception in patients newly diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis, axial spondyloarthritis, or psoriatic arthritis—a survey based cross-sectional study

“…This structure was also identified in previous studies of patients with heart failure, cancer and diabetes [ 38 , 48 , 49 ]. It is worth noting, however, that further examination of this structure remains necessary because another study [ 50 ] identified a factor structure compromising both cognitive and emotional components, as described by Broadbent [ 18 ]. Often, the B-IPQ has been used on the item level.…”

The role of illness perceptions on medication nonadherence among patients with hypertension: A multicenter study in indonesia

“…The BIPQ demonstrated good psychometric properties, and it has been widely used among patients with different chronic conditions ( Broadbent et al, 2015 ). The Indonesian version of BIPQ also showed to be valid and reliable ( Rias et al, 2021 ). Consultation with experts was conducted to maintain the content validity of the Indonesian version of the BIPQ.…”