Synergistic effects of mixtures of iron ores and copper ores as oxygen carriers in chemical-looping combustion

Use of natural ores as oxygen carriers in chemical looping combustion: A review

“…These ores have very high O 2 transport capacities (Tian et al, 2015;Yang et al, 2015) as is common with CuO oxygen carriers. Zhao et al (2015) showed that with the high CuO concentrates mentioned above reach combustion levels>95% can be achieved.…”

“…This work suggested a synergistic effect between Cu and Fe ores, showing a non-liner increase in O 2 transport capacity with a linear increase in Cu ore ). An optimized ratio of 8Cu:2Fe was chosen which showed improved fuel and gas conversions while maintaining the structural stability and sintering resistance of iron ores (Yang et al, 2015).…”

Chemical looping combustion of coal in a 5 kWth interconnected fluidized bed reactor using hematite as oxygen carrier

“…Later studies had progressed to low cost and environmentally friendly oxygen carrier, such as iron ore [17][18][19], manganese ore [20], copper ore [21], and the mixed iron and copper ore [22], including their use in entire CLC process systems at different scales [23].…”

Developing Oxygen Carriers for Chemical Looping Biomass Processing: Challenges and Opportunities

“…For example, bimetallic Cu-Fe oxides prepared by sol-gel combustion synthesis (SGCS) are found to be a good candidate OC for CLBP, showing high gas yield, carbon conversion, gasification efficiency, and resistance to tar formation. [40,158] The synergy between Cu and Fe oxides is mainly attributed to the formation of new phases, such as CuFe 2 O 4 spinel [40,159,160] and perovskites, [35,84,158,161] Similarly, Wang et al [31] reported synergy between manganese ore and CuO for biochar conversion. Also, a Mn 3 O 4 -Fe 2 O 3 -Al 2 O 3 OC showed strong resistance to agglomerating as well as propensity to absorb ash components.…”