Synergistic effects of micromolar concentrations of Zn2+ and Ca2+ on membrane fusion

Evaluation of iron transport from ferrous glycinate liposomes using Caco-2 cell model

“…Niu et al reported that liposomes were likely to be absorbed intact via the M-cell or the epithelia pathways 13 . However, the bilayer membrane of liposomes could be destroyed by divalent metal cation-induced destabilization 36 . And it could lead to leakage of iron from ferrous glycinate liposomes, and the iron transport decreased.…”

Synaptotagmins 1 and 2 as mediators of rapid exocytosis at nerve terminals: The dyad hypothesis

“…This continuity is achieved by the fusion of the secretory organelle membrane and the plasma membrane. Early investigations of membrane fusion, in vitro, established that artificial bilayer vesicles prepared from combinations of biologically relevant lipids could be induced to fuse independently of added protein (Papahadjopoulous et al, 1974(Papahadjopoulous et al, , 1976Breisblatt and Ohki, 1976;Duzgunes et al, 1981;Wilschut et al, 1981;Ellens et al, 1985;Deleers et al, 1986). Moreover, Ca 2+ was observed generally to enhance the rate of vesicle fusion, particularly when anionic phospholipids were 5 present (Papahadjopoulous et al, 1976;Breisblatt and Ohki, 1976;Duzgunes et al, 1981;Wilschut et al, 1981;Ellens et al, 1985;Deleers, et al, 1986).…”