Evaluation of iron transport from ferrous glycinate liposomes using Caco-2 cell model

Abstract

BackgroundIron fortification of foods is currently a strategy employed to fight iron deficiency in countries. Liposomes were assumed to be a potential carrier of iron supplements.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to investigate the iron transport from ferrous glycinate liposomes, and to estimate the effects of liposomal carriers, phytic acid, zinc and particle size on iron transport using Caco-2 cell models.MethodsCaco-2 cells were cultured and seeded in DMEM medium. Minimum essential medium was added to the basolateral side. Iron liposome suspensions were added to the apical side of the transwell.ResultsThe iron transport from ferrous glycinate liposomes was significantly higher than that from ferrous glycinate. In the presence of phytic acid or zinc ion, iron transport from ferrous glycinate liposomes and ferrous glycinate was evidently inhibited, and iron transport decreased with increasing phytic acid concentration. Iron transport was decreased with increase of particle size increasing of ferrous glycinate liposome.ConclusionLiposomes could behave as more than a simple carrier, and iron transport from liposomes could be implemented via a mechanism different from the regulated non-heme iron pathway.

Oral Liposomal Iron: A Treatment Proposal for Anemia

“…Furthermore, depending on the size of liposome, different pathways, such as altering signaling processes essential for basic cell functions, receptormediated endocytosis, phagocytosis, rather than traditional absorption pathway can be taken up. 18 In one of the comparative studies, absorption of liposomal ferrous glycinate was higher than ferrous glycinate and that inhibitory effects of phytic acid and zinc on iron absorption were reduced by incorporating ferrous glycinate into liposomes. For example, at the iron concentration of 50 μmol/L, the iron transport at phytic acid concentration of 100, 200, 500, and 1000 μmol/L was decreased by 3.0, 4.6, 7.4, and 14.0% for ferrous glycinate liposomes and by 8.0, 16.5, 27.0, and 45.2% for ferrous glycinate respectively.…”

“…For example, at the iron concentration of 50 μmol/L, the iron transport at phytic acid concentration of 100, 200, 500, and 1000 μmol/L was decreased by 3.0, 4.6, 7.4, and 14.0% for ferrous glycinate liposomes and by 8.0, 16.5, 27.0, and 45.2% for ferrous glycinate respectively. 18,19 Liposomal iron has shown to be significantly more bioavailable than microencapsulated ferric pyrophosphate ingredients and ferrous sulfate in Caco-2 cell model. 16…”

Editorial: Sexuality, mother-child health and infectious diseases

“…We end this treatise with two diverse but equally fascinating topics: iron transport from ferrous glycinate liposomes 36 and client satisfaction in a faith based health network in Uganda. 37 …”