Synergistic effect of strontium stannate and ammonium polyphosphate on flame-retardant and smoke-suppressant of flexible polyurethane foam

Zhang, Xu; Xu, Cunying; Zhu, Zeyu; Wang, Zhi; Xie, Hua

doi:10.1080/1023666x.2021.1916727

Cited by 16 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The characteristic diffraction peaks of CaCO3 and Ti-CaCO3 were found at 23°, 29°, 36°, 39°, 43°, 47.5°, 48.5° [ 38 ]. Both APP and Ti-APP found their characteristic diffraction peaks at 16.7°, 15.5°, 20°, 22°, 26°, 27.6°, 29°, 30.6°, 35.7°, 36.5°, 38° [ 39 ]. According to it, the spectra of Ti-APP and Ti-CaCO 3 after modification have no obvious change from those before modification.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic Flame Retardant Properties of Polyoxymethylene with Surface Modified Intumescent Flame Retardant and Calcium Carbonate

Yang

Wang

et al. 2023

Polymers

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Ammonium polyphosphate (APP) was successfully modified by a titanate coupling agent which was compounded with benzoxazine (BOZ) and melamine (ME) to become a new type of intumescent flame retardant (Ti-IFR). Ti-IFR and CaCO3 as synergists were utilized to modify polyoxymethylene (POM), and the flame-retardant properties and mechanism of the composites were analyzed by vertical combustion (UL-94), limiting oxygen index (LOI), TG-IR, and cone calorimeter (Cone), etc. The results show that Ti-IFR can enhance the gas phase flame retardant effect, while CaCO3 further strengthens the barrier effect in the condensed phase. When they were used together, they can exert their performance, respectively, at the same time showing excellent synergistic effect. The FR-POM composite with 29% Ti-IFR and 1% CaCO3 can pass the UL-94 V0 level. The LOI reaches 58.2%, the average heat release (Av HRR) is reduced by 81.1% and the total heat release (THR) is decreased by 35.3%.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic Flame Retardant Properties of Polyoxymethylene with Surface Modified Intumescent Flame Retardant and Calcium Carbonate

Yang

Wang

et al. 2023

Polymers

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“…The slopes at five heating rates (5,10,20,30, 40 °C min −1 ) were obtained by plotting lg ⊎ versus 1/T to calculate the activation energy E and analyze the stability of RPUFs. 19 The pyrolysis curves fitted using the Flynn-Wall-Ozawa method and pyrolysis kinetic parameters of the modified RPUFs at different conversions are shown in Fig.…”

Section: Flynn-wall-ozawa Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9 Zhang et al modified PUF with talc, ammonium polyphosphate and home-made strontium stannate and demonstrated that the flame-retardant properties of the PUF were effectively improved using cone calorimetry (CONE), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and the Flynn-Wall-Ozawa method. 10 Some progress has been made in the application of keratin as a flame retardant. However, most of the work in this field has focused on the flame retardancy of materials such as cotton fabrics and epoxy resins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved thermal stability and flame‐retardant performance of rigid polyurethane foam modified by hydrolyzed keratin‐modified polyol and aluminium hypophosphite

Zhang,

Wang,

Sun

et al. 2024

Polymer International

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Rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) was prepared by hydrolyzed keratin‐modified polyol and aluminum hypophosphite as flame retardants. The effects of aluminum hypophosphite on the thermal stability and flame retardant properties of hydrolyzed keratin‐modified RPUFs were studied by limiting oxygen index (LOI) method, thermogravimetric analysis, pyrolysis kinetic analysis, cone analysis and smoke density analysis (Ds). The results showed that RPUF added with 7.5 wt% aluminum hypophosphite (RPUF‐HK5‐7.5AL) had the highest LOI, which was 26.1%. RPUF‐HK5‐7.5AL had the highest initial decomposition temperature, the highest heating rate of 10°C/min T5%, and the highest activation energy. In addition, RPUF‐HK5‐7.5AL possessed the lowest heat release rate at 50 kW/m2, at 125.10 kW/m2, and the lowest total heat release rate at 5.30 MJ/m2. Such indicated that RPUF‐HK5‐7.5AL had the best thermal stability and flame retardant properties. SEM showed that hydrolyzed keratin and aluminum hypophosphite had a synergistic effect on the flame retardancy of the RPUFs. The current research results provided a useful reference for the preparation of RPUFs with good flame retardant properties by bio‐based modification.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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“…Due to its unique porous structure, rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) has excellent properties such as minimal heat transfer loss, high compression resistance, and low water permeability. As a result, the RPUF has been used in a wide range of applications such as thermal insulation, void filling, piping industrial applications, building materials, and aerospace 1,2 . However, due to its high flammability, RPUF is prone to catch fire and the flame spreads rapidly, posing a serious fire risk 3 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of bio‐based soybean oil polyol modified 3630 polyol‐based rigid polyurethane foam and its improved thermal stability, flame retardant, and smoke suppression performances

Zhang,

Wang,

Sun

et al. 2024

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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Rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) with 3630 polyol‐based components was modified using bio‐based soybean oil (SO) polyol. The effects of soybean oil polyol on the thermal stability, flame retardant and smoke suppression performances of the modified RPUFs were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis, integral programmed decomposition temperature (IPDT), pyrolysis kinetic analysis, limiting oxygen index, conical calorimetry and smoke toxicity analysis. The results indicated that the RPUF‐SO2 (10 wt% soybean oil polyol) had the highest thermal decomposition rate temperature, initial thermogravimetric temperature, termination temperature, residual rate, IPDT and activation energy. Under various circumstances, the total heat release (THR) of RPUF‐SO2 was 1.41, 1.61, and 2.51 MJ/m2, respectively, and the peak heat release rate (PHRR) was lowered by 22.40%, 45.68%, and 19.86% in comparison to the original RPUF‐0. In the meantime, RPUF‐SO2 had the best light transmittance (57.20 and 60.60%), the lowest toxic gas emissions (0.31, 0.44, and 0.38 kg/s), and the lowest Ds (32.46 and 29.07). It also had an excellent smoke suppression effect. According to the current study, RPUF‐SO2 performed better in terms of heat stability, flame retardancy and smoke suppression. This made it a good benchmark for further bio‐based soybean oil polyol modified RPUFs.

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Synergistic effect of strontium stannate and ammonium polyphosphate on flame-retardant and smoke-suppressant of flexible polyurethane foam

Cited by 16 publications

References 18 publications

Synergistic Flame Retardant Properties of Polyoxymethylene with Surface Modified Intumescent Flame Retardant and Calcium Carbonate

Synergistic Flame Retardant Properties of Polyoxymethylene with Surface Modified Intumescent Flame Retardant and Calcium Carbonate

Improved thermal stability and flame‐retardant performance of rigid polyurethane foam modified by hydrolyzed keratin‐modified polyol and aluminium hypophosphite

Preparation of bio‐based soybean oil polyol modified 3630 polyol‐based rigid polyurethane foam and its improved thermal stability, flame retardant, and smoke suppression performances

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