“…The E2N8MZ renders steric hindrance of agglomerated nano and microparticles against the curing process and attracts higher cross-linking density. 38–40 This may affect the thermal stability of the composition at lower temperatures. The prominent feature of Figure 12 is that sample with heated 2 wt% ZnO (E2HNZ) have acquired the T g of 71°C, which is greater than its comparatives.Figure 10.Effect of nano-micro co-filling: DSC curves.Figure 11.Effect of nano-micro co-filling: Heat energy and heat capacity.Figure 12.Effect of synthesis process: DSC curves.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The decreased heat energy can result from the lower reaction of epoxy and hardener due to steric hindrance of the ZnO nanoparticles. [38][39][40] Additionally, it was discovered that the inclusion of ZnO nanoparticles increased viscosity of the host material and adversely impacted the crosslinking density. 26 ZnO particles with a specific heat capacity of 494 J/kg/K, which is less than that of epoxy (1110 J/kg/K), are advantageous.…”
“…The E2N8MZ renders steric hindrance of agglomerated nano and microparticles against the curing process and attracts higher crosslinking density. [38][39][40] This may affect the thermal stability of the composition at lower temperatures. The prominent feature of Figure 12 is that sample with heated 2 wt% ZnO (E2HNZ) have acquired the T g of 71°C, which is greater than its comparatives.…”
Polymeric epoxy-based nanocomposites have tremendously grown in electronic and indoor high-voltage insulation applications over the last two decades. The interface between the epoxy resin and inorganic fillers surprisingly improves the performance compared to neat epoxy and conventional ceramic insulators. However, several configurations, including the filler loading, filler size, and synthesis process, substantially impact performance. Dielectrics employed in power equipment are often exposed to corona discharges, causing surface erosion and may cause flashover due to prolonged exposure to the discharges. Also, dielectrics must continuously endure heat from leakage currents or surrounding temperatures. The present work examines various configurations of the epoxy/ZnO composites for the corona discharge resistance and thermal stability: the effect of filler loading, preparation method of nanocomposites, and co-filling of nano-micro fillers. The ZnO nanoparticles were disseminated in the epoxy resin using a probe and bath sonicator with and without solvent. It also includes the impact of heated nanoparticles. The corona discharge tests were performed using a set-up similar to CIGRE working group D1.24. The studies of surface degradation were conducted using surface roughness metrics obtained from an optical 3D profilometer. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to perform the thermal analyses as per ASTM E1356. It was found that compared to all the filled specimens, the neat epoxy experienced more severe erosion. In addition, the specimen filled with ZnO nanoparticles endured positive corona discharges compared to negative and AC discharges. The specimen prepared with heated nanoparticles without solvent using a probe sonicator showed high heat energy and heat capacity leading to thermal instability. Besides, the interface between nano-micro particles and the host material increases corona discharge resistance and thermal stability.
“…The E2N8MZ renders steric hindrance of agglomerated nano and microparticles against the curing process and attracts higher cross-linking density. 38–40 This may affect the thermal stability of the composition at lower temperatures. The prominent feature of Figure 12 is that sample with heated 2 wt% ZnO (E2HNZ) have acquired the T g of 71°C, which is greater than its comparatives.Figure 10.Effect of nano-micro co-filling: DSC curves.Figure 11.Effect of nano-micro co-filling: Heat energy and heat capacity.Figure 12.Effect of synthesis process: DSC curves.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The decreased heat energy can result from the lower reaction of epoxy and hardener due to steric hindrance of the ZnO nanoparticles. [38][39][40] Additionally, it was discovered that the inclusion of ZnO nanoparticles increased viscosity of the host material and adversely impacted the crosslinking density. 26 ZnO particles with a specific heat capacity of 494 J/kg/K, which is less than that of epoxy (1110 J/kg/K), are advantageous.…”
“…The E2N8MZ renders steric hindrance of agglomerated nano and microparticles against the curing process and attracts higher crosslinking density. [38][39][40] This may affect the thermal stability of the composition at lower temperatures. The prominent feature of Figure 12 is that sample with heated 2 wt% ZnO (E2HNZ) have acquired the T g of 71°C, which is greater than its comparatives.…”
Polymeric epoxy-based nanocomposites have tremendously grown in electronic and indoor high-voltage insulation applications over the last two decades. The interface between the epoxy resin and inorganic fillers surprisingly improves the performance compared to neat epoxy and conventional ceramic insulators. However, several configurations, including the filler loading, filler size, and synthesis process, substantially impact performance. Dielectrics employed in power equipment are often exposed to corona discharges, causing surface erosion and may cause flashover due to prolonged exposure to the discharges. Also, dielectrics must continuously endure heat from leakage currents or surrounding temperatures. The present work examines various configurations of the epoxy/ZnO composites for the corona discharge resistance and thermal stability: the effect of filler loading, preparation method of nanocomposites, and co-filling of nano-micro fillers. The ZnO nanoparticles were disseminated in the epoxy resin using a probe and bath sonicator with and without solvent. It also includes the impact of heated nanoparticles. The corona discharge tests were performed using a set-up similar to CIGRE working group D1.24. The studies of surface degradation were conducted using surface roughness metrics obtained from an optical 3D profilometer. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to perform the thermal analyses as per ASTM E1356. It was found that compared to all the filled specimens, the neat epoxy experienced more severe erosion. In addition, the specimen filled with ZnO nanoparticles endured positive corona discharges compared to negative and AC discharges. The specimen prepared with heated nanoparticles without solvent using a probe sonicator showed high heat energy and heat capacity leading to thermal instability. Besides, the interface between nano-micro particles and the host material increases corona discharge resistance and thermal stability.
“…Aluminum oxide, silica and asbestos (inorganic fillers) increase strength and also contribute to heat resistance [14,34,35]. Fillers are also used to reduce or increase density.…”
The aim of this research was a comparative analysis of selected mechanical properties of epoxy compounds that were modified with metallic fillers and aged in aqueous environments. The tested epoxy compounds consisted of three components: styrene modified epoxy resin based on Bisphenol A, triethylenetetramine curing agent (resin/curing agent ratio of 100:10) and two types of metallic fillers in the form of particles: aluminum alloy (EN AW-2024–AlCu4Mg1) and tin-phosphor bronze (CuSn10P). Samples were subjected to ageing in 4 water environments: low-, medium- and high-mineralized natural water and in a sugar-containing solution for 1, 2 and 3 months. The epoxy samples were subjected to compressive strength tests in accordance with the ISO 604:2002 standard. It was observed that, among others, the compositions seasoned in low-mineralized water usually achieved the highest average compressive strength. As for filler type, using the bronze filler (CuSn10P) usually achieved the highest average compressive strength results.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
