Synergistic effect of melamine in combination with cyanuric acid on urinary tract toxicity in rats

Lee, In-Chul; Kim, Sunghwan; Baek, Hyung-Sun; Kang, Sang Kyu; Kim, Jong-Choon

doi:10.12729/jbr.2013.14.3.145

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The peak corresponding to the (002) orientation weakened with increasing In-and Gadoping concentration, which indicated that this doping degraded the crystallinity of the ZnO thin films. This finding is consistent with previous works [20,23,40]. The On the other hand, the intensity of the (002) peak did not significantly change when the film was exposed to the electron beam treatment (Fig.…”

Section: Structural Properties Of the Zno Thin Filmssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…The resistivity of the ZnO thin film decreased significantly from 57.1 to 9.3 X cm with the addition of In. The carrier concentration of ZnO film increased 8.6 9 10 16 cm -3 (undoped) to 1.4 9 10 18 cm -3 (2 mol%) by doping with In, a trend that agrees with previous reports [20,22]. When In dopants are added into the ZnO lattice, In 3?…”

Section: Electrical Properties Of the Zno Thin Filmssupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Typically, doping by group III elements such as Al, Ga, and In in ZnO thin films decreases their resistivity by increasing the carrier concentration; these trivalent elements substitute for divalent Zn 2? ions and thus add free electrons [18][19][20]. In particular, according to previous reports, In-or Ga-doped ZnO thin films exhibited resistivities as low as *10 -3 X cm, while Al doping lowered the resistivity to the order of 10 -2 X cm [21,22].…”

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confidence: 91%

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Improvement in electrical properties of sol–gel-derived In-doped ZnO thin film by electron beam treatment

Kim

et al. 2015

J Sol-Gel Sci Technol

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In-doped ZnO thin films were prepared by a sol-gel spin coating method. Since several issues with In doping have been reported, such as degradation of crystallinity and deterioration of electrical resistivity at high Indoping levels, co-doping with Ga and electron beam treatment was demonstrated in this study. When In dopant was added to the ZnO thin film at 0.5 mol%, it increased the carrier concentration, thereby reducing the resistivity of the film. In contrast, further doping by Ga in the presence of In did not significantly change the electrical properties. When electron beam treatment was conducted on ZnO films, the optical band gap was increased and the carrier concentration and mobility were increased. In particular, a 0.5 mol% Indoped ZnO that received electron beam treatment at 2 keV exhibited an electrical resistivity as low as 4.8 9 10 -2 X cm, while 57.1 X cm was obtained from the pristine ZnO thin film. When the ZnO films were applied to crystalline Si solar cells, conversion efficiency significantly increased from 10.37 % for the cell with pristine ZnO thin film to 11.45 % with the In-doped and electron beamtreated ZnO thin film. Graphical Abstract 10

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Section: Structural Properties Of the Zno Thin Filmssupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Electrical Properties Of the Zno Thin Filmssupporting

confidence: 91%

mentioning

confidence: 91%

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Improvement in electrical properties of sol–gel-derived In-doped ZnO thin film by electron beam treatment

Kim

et al. 2015

J Sol-Gel Sci Technol

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“…Moreover, the renal damage induced by melamine was evidenced histopathologically by severe deterioration of renal architecture as in Fig. 10 (c-g & k) which was also observed by Lee et al [63] and Abd-Elhakim et al [21] after exposure to melamine and the findings of Lee et al [63], Yasui et al [64] and Peerakietkhajorn et al [65] after exposure to melamine plus cyanuric acid. Conversely, concomitant administration of Se-NPs@starch with melamine significantly decreased the serum urea and creatinine levels.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Protective effect of starch-stabilized selenium nanoparticles against the hepato-renal melamine-induced toxicity in male albino rats

Ahmed

Galal

Drweesh

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Melamine and its analogues are illegally added to falsify the content of protein in food products.The elevated concentrations of these compounds cause harmful effects in humans and animals. In this contribution, the potential ability of synthesized starch-stabilized selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs@starch) towards inhibiting the toxicity of melamine on the liver and kidneys has been systematically investigated. The Se-NPs@starch were characterized by XPS analysis, EDS mapping analysis, TEM, and FT-IR. Starch plays a crucial role in the stabilization and dispersion of Se NPs, as noticed from the TEM and EDS investigations. Furthermore, the atomic ratio of Se distribution over starch surface is approximately 1.67%. To evaluate the activity of Se-NPs@starch, this study was conducted on four groups of adult male rats. Group I (the control group), group II received Se-NPs@starch, group III received melamine, whereas group IV received melamine and Se-NPs@starch. The results reveal a significant alteration in the histoarchitecture of both hepatic and renal tissues induced by melamine. While melamine induces severe toxic effects on the hepatic and renal tissues, the administration of Se-NPs@starch results in remarkable protection of rats against melamine-induced toxicity. Collectively, the affordable starch-stabilized Se-NPs have a potent biological activity, making them auspicious candidates for biomedical applications.

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“…Moreover, the renal damage induced by melamine is indicated histopathologically by severe deterioration of renal architecture as shown in Fig. 10 (c-g & k) which was also observed by Lee et al [65], Abd-Elhakim et al [21], Lee et al. [65], Yasui et al [66] and Peerakietkhajorn et al [67].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Protective Effect of Starch-stabilized Selenium Nanoparticles against Melamine-induced Hepato-renal Toxicity in Male Albino Rats

Ahmed

Galal

Drweesh

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Melamine and its analogues are illegally added to raise the apparent protein content in foods. The elevated concentrations of these compounds cause adverse effects in humans and animals. In this contribution, the protective effects of the synthesized starch-stabilized selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs@starch) on melamine-induced hepato-renal toxicity have been systematically investigated. The Se-NPs@starch were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis, energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) mapping analysis, TEM, and FT-IR. Starch plays a crucial role in the stabilization and dispersion of Se NPs, as noticed from the TEM and EDS investigations. Furthermore, the atomic ratio of Se distribution over the starch surface is approximately 1.67%. The current study was conducted on four groups of adult male rats, and the oral daily treatments for 28 days were as follows: group I served as control, group II received Se-NPs@starch, group III was exposed to melamine, while group IV was treated with melamine and Se-NPs@starch. The results reveal a significant alteration in the histoarchitecture of both hepatic and renal tissues induced by melamine. Furthermore, elevated liver and kidney function markers, high malondialdehyde, and increased expression levels of apoptosis-related genes besides a reduction in GSH and expression levels of antioxidant genes were observed in the melamine-exposed group. Interestingly, the administration of the Se-NPs@starch resulted in remarkable protection of rats against melamine-induced toxicity through increasing the antioxidant capacity and inhibiting oxidative damage. Collectively, this study provides affordable starch-stabilized Se-NPs with potent biological activity, making them auspicious candidates for prospective biomedical applications.

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Synergistic effect of melamine in combination with cyanuric acid on urinary tract toxicity in rats

Cited by 7 publications

References 2 publications

Improvement in electrical properties of sol–gel-derived In-doped ZnO thin film by electron beam treatment

Improvement in electrical properties of sol–gel-derived In-doped ZnO thin film by electron beam treatment

Protective effect of starch-stabilized selenium nanoparticles against the hepato-renal melamine-induced toxicity in male albino rats

Protective Effect of Starch-stabilized Selenium Nanoparticles against Melamine-induced Hepato-renal Toxicity in Male Albino Rats

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