Synergistic Effect of Graphene on Antidripping and Fire Resistance of Intumescent Flame Retardant Poly(butylene succinate) Composites

Abstract

Intumescent flame retardant poly(butylene succinate) (IFRPBS) composites with enhanced fire resistance were prepared using graphene as synergist. The morphology of fracture surfaces of the composites was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The limiting oxygen index (LOI) values increased from 23.0 for the pure PBS to 31.0 for IFRPBS with 20 wt % IFR loading. The addition of graphene further improved the LOI values of the composites and exhibited excellent antidripping properties. The UL-94 V0 materials were obtained with a formulation of 18 wt % IFR and 2 wt % graphene. MFI measurement indicated that the presence of graphene significantly enhanced the melt viscosity and restrained the melt dripping. The thermal degradation and gas products of IFRPBS/graphene systems were monitored by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), real time Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (RTFTIR), and thermogravimetric analysis-Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (TG-FTIR). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was utilized to explore the chemical components of the outer and inner char residues.

Graphene-based flame retardants: a review

“…To solve the abovementioned problems, many researchers have made significant efforts to use graphene as an adjuvant in combination with other conventional flame retardants such as intumescent flame retardants and aluminium hydroxide [46][47][48][49][50][51], melamine polyphosphate [52], carbon black [53], layered double hydroxides (LDHs) [54], brominated polystyrene and antimony trioxide (Sb 2 O 3 ) [55], and aluminium hypophosphite [56]. As shown in Fig.…”

“…The reason lies in that rGO is well dispersed with little agglomeration (Fig. 5a) and exfoliated in the IFRPU composites, thereby preventing the migration and increasing the dispersion of the intumescent [49] used graphene as a synergist to enhance the fire resistance of intumescent flame retardant poy(butylene succinate) (IFRPBS). They found that adding 2 % graphene to IFRPBS with 18 % IFR further increases LOI to 33 (adding 20 % IFR alone gives an LOI of 30).…”

Fabrication of Ce-doped MnO2decorated graphene sheets for fire safety applications of epoxy composites: flame retardancy, smoke suppression and mechanism

“…In addition, there are some other reports regarding the application of graphene as a flame retardant additive in polymer composites. [10][11][12][13] However, bare graphene was used as a flame retardant in previous reports, such that a high loading is required to achieve a good flame retardant effect. Therefore, the use of graphene alone as the flame retardant still remains a challenge.…”

Synthesis and performance of star-shaped aluminum phosphinate flame retardant

“…The phosphinate salts possessing the properties such as high flame retardancy, anti-dripping during combustion and good compatibility with matrix are therefore highly desired [21][22][23][24]. In addition, a highly efficient flame retardant should show a decomposition temperature similar to that of the polymer.…”