Synergistic effect of erythromycin on polymorphonuclear cell antibacterial activity against erythromycin-resistant phenotypes of Streptococcus pyogenes

Banche, Giuliana; Tullio, Vivian; Allizond, Valeria; Mandras, Narcisa; Roana, Janira; Scalas, Daniela; Fassi, Fadwa El; D’Antico, Sergio; Cuffini, Annamaria; Carlone, Nicola

doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2010.06.041

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Blood was drawn from a pool of 72 healthy subjects who gave their informed consent. PMNs were separated from lithium-heparinized venous blood using Ficoll-Paque (Pharmacia S.p.A., Milan, Italy), as previously described in detail (11,17,18). Briefly, the viability of PMNs was assayed by trypan blue testing and was greater than 95%.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Radioactivity was expressed as counts per minute per sample. The percentage of phagocytosis at a given sampling time was calculated as follows: percentage of phagocytosis ϭ (number of counts per minute in PMN pellet/number of counts per minute in total bacterial pellet) ϫ 100 (17). PMN killing values were expressed as the survival index (SI), which was calculated by adding the number of surviving microorganisms at time zero to the number of survivors at time x and dividing by the number of survivors at time zero (18).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Key Roles of Human Polymorphonuclear Cells and Ciprofloxacin in Lactobacillus Species Infection Control

Mandras

Tullio

Furneri

et al. 2016

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Lactobacilli have the potential to act as reservoirs of antibiotic resistance genes similar to those found in human pathogens, with the risk of transferring these genes to many pathogenic bacteria. In this study, we investigated the role of human polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) against Lactobacillus spp. both resistant and susceptible to ciprofloxacin (a fluoroquinolone) and the effect of ciprofloxacin on the interaction between PMNs and three Lactobacillus spp. with different patterns of susceptibility to this drug. Hence, the primary functions of PMNs, such as phagocytosis and bacterial intracellular killing, against lactobacilli were investigated. The rate of PMN phagocytosis was high for ciprofloxacin-sensitive and ciprofloxacin-resistant strains. The patterns of intracellular killing of ciprofloxacin-sensitive and ciprofloxacin-resistant strains by PMNs underline that PMNs alone were able to kill lactobacilli. The addition of ciprofloxacin to PMNs did not result in a significant increase in the bacterial uptake by phagocytes. On the contrary, ciprofloxacin had a marked effect on PMN intracellular killing, resulting in increased numbers of killed ciprofloxacin-sensitive bacteria in comparison with antibiotic-free controls. Our data show that by itself, the profile of antibiotic resistance does not constitute an intrinsic factor of greater or lesser pathogenicity toward the host. The ability of PMNs to kill a diverse array of bacterial pathogens is essential for human innate host defense, primarily in immunocompromised patients. Lactobacillus spp., considered nonpathogenic bacteria of the human gastrointestinal and vaginal microbiotas, are widely used as probiotics in dairy products. Moreover, they can positively interact with other microorganisms of the human microbiota (1).Infections caused by lactobacilli are extremely rare; however, they can spread into the blood and cause serious clinical infections (2, 3). Many investigators have demonstrated that lactobacilli have a high natural resistance to many antimicrobial drugs, such as fluoroquinolones, e.g., ciprofloxacin (CIP) (4-7); our recent studies showed that the mechanism of resistance to fluoroquinolones could be associated with the presence of a NorA-like efflux pump found in ciprofloxacin-resistant (CIP r ) strains of L. fermentum isolated from the human oral cavity (8).For several decades, studies on selection and dissemination of antibiotic resistance have focused mainly on clinically relevant species. The magnitude of the problem is significantly increased by the ability of bacteria to transfer resistance horizontally and by the mounting increase in the overuse and misuse of antibiotics, which has created an enormous selective pressure toward resistant bacteria.Gene transfer occurs widely in vivo between pathogenic and commensal bacteria of the human microbiota, as identical resistance genes are present in several bacterial species from different hosts. Lactobacilli have the potential to act as reservoirs of antibiotic resistance genes similar to th...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Key Roles of Human Polymorphonuclear Cells and Ciprofloxacin in Lactobacillus Species Infection Control

Mandras

Tullio

Furneri

et al. 2016

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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“…Young colonies (18–24 h) were picked up to approximately 3–4 McFarland standard and inoculated into cryovials containing both cryopreservative fluid and porous beads to allow bacteria to adhere (Microbank, bioMérieux, Rome, Italy). After inoculation, cryovials were kept at –80°C for extended storage [17,18,19]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The phagocytosis of radiolabelled klebsiellae [ 3 H-uracil (specific activity: 1.27 TBq/mmol; NEN Products, Milan, Italy)] and the intracellular K. pneumoniae killing by PMNs were investigated by incubating the bacteria and the phagocytes (bacterium:PMN ratio 10:1) at 37°C for periods of 30, 60 or 90 min. Phagocytosis and intracellular killing were assessed by the methods previously described [17,18,19]. Briefly, aliquots of 1 ml of K. pneumoniae in RPMI 1640 with 10% FCS were added to PMNs (10 6 cells) and incubated at 37°C in a shaking water bath.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional and Phenotypical Impairment of Polymorphonuclear Cells in Atopic Dermatitis: An Additional Cause for the Known Susceptibility to Infections?

Fierro

Banche²,

Marenco³

et al. 2012

Dermatology

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Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) patients present an high susceptibility to infections. The phagocytic activity of polymorphonuclear granulocytes (PMNs) is mediated by the interactions between Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Objective: To investigate functional activity and phenotype of PMNs in AD patients. Methods: In vitro PMN phagocytosis and intracellular killing towards Klebsiella pneumoniae were evaluated in 24 AD patients; flow cytometry was applied to analyze PMN phenotype. Results: PMNs from AD patients displayed both reduced phagocytic activity and intracellular killing against K. pneumoniae than healthy subjects (HS). CD11b, CD66b, TLR2, TLR4 and TLR5 median fluorescence intensity (MFI) on PMN membrane were significantly higher in AD patients than in HS. Conclusion: PMN functional impairment in AD patients could represent an additional cause of skin infections, coupled with other known defects in the innate immune system. The increased MFI of adhesion molecules and TLRs is rather a consequence of the increased skin barrier permeability to bacterial molecules capable of stimulating immunological reactions.

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“…patterns in Streptococcus spp., we evaluated the influence of this macrolide on the PMN primary functions against erythromycin-susceptible (Ery-S) and erythromycinresistant (Ery-R) S. pyogenes strains with different resistant phenotypes [22,24,25]. The results emphasize a significant high increase of intracellular killing by PMNs in the presence of erythromycin for all S. pyogenes strains tested.…”

Section: Inhibitors Of Protein Synthesis: Macrolides Aminoglycosidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host immune modulation by antimicrobial drugs: current knowledge and implications for antimicrobial chemotherapy

Banche¹,

Allizond²,

Mandras³

et al. 2014

Current Opinion in Pharmacology

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Synergistic effect of erythromycin on polymorphonuclear cell antibacterial activity against erythromycin-resistant phenotypes of Streptococcus pyogenes

Cited by 13 publications

References 32 publications

Key Roles of Human Polymorphonuclear Cells and Ciprofloxacin in Lactobacillus Species Infection Control

Key Roles of Human Polymorphonuclear Cells and Ciprofloxacin in Lactobacillus Species Infection Control

Functional and Phenotypical Impairment of Polymorphonuclear Cells in Atopic Dermatitis: An Additional Cause for the Known Susceptibility to Infections?

Host immune modulation by antimicrobial drugs: current knowledge and implications for antimicrobial chemotherapy

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