Synergistic Effect of El Niño and Arctic Sea‐Ice Increment on Wintertime Northeast Asian Anomalous Anticyclone and Its Corresponding PM_2.5 Pollution

Abstract

Air pollution due to a higher PM 2.5 (fine particulate matter with a mass median aerodynamic diameter <2.5 μm) concentration over the North China Plain (NCP, 32°-42°N, 110°-120°E) is recognized as significant human health and economic activity risk (e.g., Gu et al., 2021;Lelieveld et al., 2015), which is not only attributed to anthropogenic emissions, but is also modulated by meteorological conditions (e.g.,

Role of the Boreal Autumn Antarctic Oscillation in Controlling the Winter Frequency of Severe Pollution Events in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Region, China

“…The empirical orthogonal function (EOF)‐related PM 2.5 patterns based on the data set of Zhong et al. (2022) are similar to the observational data (An et al., 2023). D. Wu et al.…”

Key Role of Arctic Sea‐Ice in Subseasonal Reversal of Early and Late Winter PM2.5 Concentration Anomalies Over the North China Plain

“…Clearly, there is a zonal wave train in ND with positive, negative and positive centers over Western Europe, the Ural Mountains and Northeast Asia, respectively, which is generally similar to the negative phase of the Scandinavian pattern (Barnston & Livezey, 1987; Pang et al., 2021). According to the previous, the positive geopotential height anomaly (i.e., anticyclonic anomaly) over Northeast Asia is conducive to a higher PM 2.5 concentration over the NCP (An et al., 2023; An et al., 2020; Wang et al., 2020; Zhong et al., 2019). However, there is a meridional wave train in JF with positive and negative centers over the Barents‒Kara Seas and Northeast Asia, respectively (Figure 2b), which is similar to the negative Polar/Eurasian pattern (Barnston & Livezey, 1987; Gao et al., 2019).…”

“…In addition, according to An et al. (2023), the correlation coefficient of PM 2.5 concentration between November and December (January and February) is significantly higher than that in November and February (December and January). Therefore, the early and late winter in this study are referred as ND and JF, respectively.…”

“…However, the more detailed physical mechanisms for the possibly subseasonal reversal of the early and late winter PM 2.5 concentration anomaly over the NCP remain unclear. In addition, according to An et al (2023), the correlation coefficient of PM 2.5 concentration between November and December (January and February) is significantly higher than that in November and February (December and January). Therefore, the early and late winter in this study are referred as ND and JF, respectively.…”