Synergistic Effect Based on Enhanced Local Shear Forces in PVDF/TiO₂/CNT Ternary Composites

Abstract

High-performance polymer composites fabricated by the addition of hybrid fillers have been attracting great attention from the industry and researchers due to their synergistic effect and relatively low cost. In this work, a systematical synergistic mechanism on enhancing the dispersibilities and electrical properties is proposed based on the poly­(vinylidene fluoride)/titanium oxide/carbon nanotube (PVDF/TiO2/CNT) ternary composites prepared by simply melt blending. The local shear forces enhanced by rigid TiO2 submicron particles drive the initially dispersed small CNT agglomerates broken into smaller CNT agglomerates or single CNTs in the ternary composites. In addition, the well-dispersed hybrid fillers restrict reaggregation with each other. The more available phase interfaces provided by better-dispersed hybrid fillers lead to the improvement of the dielectric properties. The more conductive pathways/networks, caused by the good dispersion combined with the volume exclusion effect and the bridging effect of TiO2 particles, induce a liquid–solid transition and result in the change in the AC conductive mechanism from electron hopping conductivity to conductive pathways/network conductivity in PVDF composites near the percolation threshold. This provides significant information about the construction of the tunable electrical properties by tailoring the hybrid network structure in ternary composites.

Flexible Interconnected Cu‐Ni Nanoalloys Decorated Carbon Nanotube‐Poly(vinylidene fluoride) Piezoelectric Nanogenerator

“…In addition, at the interface, the delocalized π‐electron clouds of CNTs contribute more number of domains for the nomadic electrons and these electrons at the interfaces strongly attracted by the electrophilic F groups of PVDF, which increase polarization. [ 25a,34 ] It was reported that dielectric constant significantly influenced the polarization and output performance of piezoelectric nanogenerator.…”

Exploiting mono‐ and hybrid nanocomposite materials for fused filament fabrication with acrylonitrile butadiene styrene as polymer matrix

“…This is confirmed in the present work as upon combination with GNP, TiO 2 forms agglomerates. Zhang et al 50 attributed the better dispersion of CNT's in the presence of TiO 2 to the change in the local flow behavior and shear amplification effect, causing CNT to further disperse, which in turn would prevent TiO 2 particles to re‐agglomerate. In addition, surface modification of CNT's or even to the geometry of the particles can support the interaction.…”

Surface silanized MWCNTs doped PVDF nanocomposite with self-organized dipoles: an intrinsic study on the dielectric, piezoelectric, ferroelectric, and energy harvesting phenomenology

“…The incorporation of MWCNTs inside the polymer matrix leads to interfacial polarization, also known as space charge polarization. 37 According to the Maxwell-Wagner-Sillars effect, the heterogeneity inside the matrix leads to interfacial polymerization during composite formation. 38 In PC and PCA nanocomposites, the interface formed between MWCNTs and the PVDF polymer and the space charge is accumulated at the interface.…”