“…evaluated the stability of commercial cellulase in a 10 % (v/v) aqueous solution of DES (ChCl–glycerol or ChCl–ethylene glycol), and more than 90 % of the initial activity of cellulase was retained after 24 h of incubation at 30 °C. , Therefore, the energy‐consuming purification of pretreated biomass can be eliminated by simply diluting the mixture of biomass/DES with buffer solution; this largely promotes the economy of subsequent saccharification processes. Interestingly, Gunny et al.…”
Section: Integrated Pretreatment and Saccharification Of Lignocellulomentioning
The scientific community has been seeking cost-competitive and green solvents with good dissolving capacity for the valorization of lignocellulosic biomass. At this point, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are currently emerging as a new class of promising solvents that are generally liquid eutectic mixtures formed by self-association (or hydrogen-bonding interaction) of two or three components. DESs are attractive solvents for the fractionation (or pretreatment) of lignocellulose and the valorization of lignin, owing to the high solubility of lignin in DESs. DESs are also employed as effective media for the modification of cellulose to afford functionalized cellulosic materials, such as cellulose nanocrystals. More interestingly, biomassderived carbohydrates, such as fructose, can be used as one of the constituents of DESs and then dehydrated to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in high yield. In this review, a comprehensive summary of recent contribution of DESs to the processing of lignocellulosic biomass and its derivatives is provided. Moreover, further discussion about the challenges of the application of DESs in biomass processing is presented.
“…evaluated the stability of commercial cellulase in a 10 % (v/v) aqueous solution of DES (ChCl–glycerol or ChCl–ethylene glycol), and more than 90 % of the initial activity of cellulase was retained after 24 h of incubation at 30 °C. , Therefore, the energy‐consuming purification of pretreated biomass can be eliminated by simply diluting the mixture of biomass/DES with buffer solution; this largely promotes the economy of subsequent saccharification processes. Interestingly, Gunny et al.…”
Section: Integrated Pretreatment and Saccharification Of Lignocellulomentioning
The scientific community has been seeking cost-competitive and green solvents with good dissolving capacity for the valorization of lignocellulosic biomass. At this point, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are currently emerging as a new class of promising solvents that are generally liquid eutectic mixtures formed by self-association (or hydrogen-bonding interaction) of two or three components. DESs are attractive solvents for the fractionation (or pretreatment) of lignocellulose and the valorization of lignin, owing to the high solubility of lignin in DESs. DESs are also employed as effective media for the modification of cellulose to afford functionalized cellulosic materials, such as cellulose nanocrystals. More interestingly, biomassderived carbohydrates, such as fructose, can be used as one of the constituents of DESs and then dehydrated to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in high yield. In this review, a comprehensive summary of recent contribution of DESs to the processing of lignocellulosic biomass and its derivatives is provided. Moreover, further discussion about the challenges of the application of DESs in biomass processing is presented.
“…DESs exhibit analogous physico-chemical properties to ILs, but can be inexpensive and environmentally friendly [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ]. Current research and development efforts have focused on the use of DESs for cellulose treatment from biomass [ 15 ]. Lignin is the most abundant renewable aromatic polymer on Earth, present in nearly all higher plants, which behooves the development of effective methods to extract it [ 16 ].…”
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are a potentially high-value lignin extraction methodology. DESs prepared from choline chloride (ChCl) and three hydrogen-bond donors (HBD)—lactic acid (Lac), glycerol, and urea—were evaluated for isolation of willow (Salix matsudana cv. Zhuliu) lignin. DESs types, mole ratio of ChCl to HBD, extraction temperature, and time on the fractionated DES-lignin yield demonstrated that the optimal DES-lignin yield (91.8 wt % based on the initial lignin in willow) with high purity of 94.5% can be reached at a ChCl-to-Lac molar ratio of 1:10, extraction temperature of 120 °C, and time of 12 h. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) , 13C-NMR, and 31P-NMR showed that willow lignin extracted by ChCl-Lac was mainly composed of syringyl and guaiacyl units. Serendipitously, a majority of the glucan in willow was preserved after ChCl-Lac treatment.
“…In this study, 10 DESs, which have been reported earlier to efficiently pretreat different types of biomass, were prepared by mixing together choline chloride and/or betaine (as HBAs) and ethylene glycol, lactic acid, glycerol, urea, or imidazole (as HBDs) in fixed molar ratios (Table S1). ,,,− With the exception of betaine:urea and betaine:imidazole systems, all other combinations formed liquid DESs at 80 °C within 1–2 h and were used for pretreatment of sugar cane bagasse. Betaine is the oxidized form of choline and a poorer HBA than choline.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It could be recovered and recycled easily. Other DESs have also been reported as environmentally benign and compatible with cellulases unlike most of the ionic liquids which are often inhibitory to enzymes, although recently a single-pot process has been developed for biofuels production using biocompatible ionic liquids. , In fact, cholinium-based DESs have been reported as enzyme activators and stabilizers for lipases . Thus, the effect of choline chloride:lactic acid and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate on cellulases was evaluated in Figure .…”
Novel and sustainable
pretreatment approaches are desired to improve
the techno-commercial feasibility of biorefineries in the future.
In this study, 10 renewable deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were evaluated
for their pretreatment efficiency at facile conditions with sugar
cane bagasse as substrate and compared with conventional pretreatment
approaches (dilute alkali, dilute acid, and ionic liquid (IL)) for
lignin removal, saccharification yield, cellulose accessibility, crystallinity,
and physiochemical properties. Although, the highest delignification
was obtained with dilute alkali (59.7%) and choline chloride:lactic
acid or ChCl:LA (50.6%), the maximum enzymatic conversion
of 98.0% and 90.4% was observed with IL (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium
acetate) and ChCl:LA, respectively. uclear magnetic resonance analysis
of ChCl:LA-derived lignin showed selective removal of guaiacyl lignin
without condensation structure formation observed. Interestingly,
unlike IL, the lignin was substantially depolymerized after ChCl:LA
pretreatment as determined by gel permeation chromatography. Further,
high compatibility of ChCl:LA with cellulase in comparison of IL with
easy recyclability and recycling showed that DESs synthesized from
a renewable resource are promising “green” solvents
for future biorefinery operations.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.