We design and synthesize four fused-ring electron acceptors based on 6,6,12,12-tetrakis(4-hexylphenyl)-indacenobis(dithieno[3,2-b;2',3'-d]thiophene) as the electron-rich unit and 1,1-dicyanomethylene-3-indanones with 0-2 fluorine substituents as the electron-deficient units. These four molecules exhibit broad (550-850 nm) and strong absorption with high extinction coefficients of (2.1-2.5) × 10 M cm. Fluorine substitution downshifts the LUMO energy level, red-shifts the absorption spectrum, and enhances electron mobility. The polymer solar cells based on the fluorinated electron acceptors exhibit power conversion efficiencies as high as 11.5%, much higher than that of their nonfluorinated counterpart (7.7%). We investigate the effects of the fluorine atom number and position on electronic properties, charge transport, film morphology, and photovoltaic properties.

A planar fused-ring electron acceptor (IC-C6IDT-IC) based on indacenodithiophene is designed and synthesized. IC-C6IDT-IC shows strong absorption in 500-800 nm with extinction coefficient of up to 2.4 × 10(5) M(-1) cm(-1) and high electron mobility of 1.1 × 10(-3) cm(2) V(-1) s(-1). The as-cast polymer solar cells based on IC-C6IDT-IC without additional treatments exhibit power conversion efficiencies of up to 8.71%.

Persistent infection or chronic inflammation contributes significantly to tumourigenesis and tumour progression. C-X-C motif ligand 8 (CXCL8) is a chemokine that acts as an important multifunctional cytokine to modulate tumour proliferation, invasion and migration in an autocrine or paracrine manner. Studies have suggested that CXCL8 and its cognate receptors, C-X-C chemokine receptor 1 (CXCR1) and CX-C chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2), mediate the initiation and development of various cancers including breast cancer, prostate cancer, lung cancer, colorectal carcinoma and melanoma. CXCL8 also integrates with multiple intracellular signalling pathways to produce coordinated effects. Neovascularisation, which provides a basis for fostering tumour growth and metastasis, is now recognised as a critical function of CXCL8 in the tumour microenvironment. In this review, we summarize the biological functions and ficlinical significance of the CXCL8 signalling axis in cancer. We also propose that CXCL8 may be a potential therapeutic target for cancer treatment

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Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite (OIHP) photodetectors that simultaneously achieve an ultrafast response and high sensitivity in the near-infrared (NIR) region are prerequisites for expanding current monitoring, imaging, and optical communication capbilities. Herein, we demonstrate photodetectors constructed by OIHP and an organic bulk heterojunction (BHJ) consisting of a low-bandgap nonfullerene and polymer, which achieve broadband response spectra up to 1 μm with a highest external quantum efficiency of approximately 54% at 850 nm, an ultrafast response speed of 5.6 ns and a linear dynamic range (LDR) of 191 dB. High sensitivity, ultrafast speed and a large LDR are preeminent prerequisites for the practical application of photodetectors. Encouragingly, due to the high-dynamicrange imaging capacity, high-quality visible-NIR actual imaging is achieved by employing the OIHP photodetectors. We believe that state-of-the-art OIHP photodetectors can accelerate the translation of solution-processed photodetector applications from the laboratory to the imaging market.

1 Summary Electrochemical CO 2 reduction offers a method to use renewable electricity to convert CO 2 into CO and other carbon-based chemical building blocks. While nearly all studies rely on a CO 2 feed, we show herein that aqueous HCO 3 solutions can also be electrochemically converted into CO gas at meaningful rates in a flow cell. We achieved this result in a flow cell containing a bipolar membrane (BPM) and a silver nanoparticle catalyst on a porous carbon support. Electrolysis upon a N 2 -saturated 3.0-M KHCO 3 electrolyte solution yields CO with a faradaic efficiency (F.E. CO ) of 81% at 25 mA cm -2 and 37% at 100 mA cm -2 . This output is comparable to the analogous experiment where the electrolyte is saturated with gaseous CO 2 (faradaic efficiency for CO is 78% at 25 mA cm -2 and 35% at 100 mA cm -2 ). The H + flux from the BPM is critical to this chemistry in that it reacts with the HCO 3 feed to generate CO 2 , which is then reduced to CO at the gas diffusion electrode. These results are important in that they show that the addition of gaseous CO 2 to HCO 3 electrolytes is not necessary in order to obtain reduced carbon products with a flow cell architecture. This process offers a means of using electrolysis to bypass the thermally-intensive step of extracting CO 2 from HCO 3 solutions generated in carbon capture schemes.

Volumetric variations of human brain are heritable and are associated with many brain-related complex traits. Here we performed genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of 101 brain volumetric phenotypes using the UK Biobank (UKB) sample including 19,629 participants. GWAS identified 365 independent genetic variants exceeding significance threshold of 4.9 × 10 −10 , adjusted for testing multiple phenotypes. Gene-based association study found 157 associated genes (124 new), and functional gene mapping analysis linked 146 additional genes. Many of the discovered genetic variants and genes have previously been implicated in cognitive Users may view, print, copy, and download text and data-mine the content in such documents, for the purposes of academic research, subject always to the full Conditions of use:

In order to utilize the near-infrared (NIR) solar photons like silicon-based solar cells, extensive research efforts have been devoted to the development of organic donor and acceptor materials with strong NIR absorption. However, single-junction organic solar cells (OSCs) with photoresponse extending into >1000 nm and power conversion efficiency (PCE) >11% have rarely been reported. Herein, three fused-ring electron acceptors with varying core size are reported. These three molecules exhibit strong absorption from 600 to 1000 nm and high electron mobility (>1 × 10 cm V s ). It is proposed that core engineering is a promising approach to elevate energy levels, enhance absorption and electron mobility, and finally achieve high device performance. This approach can maximize both short-circuit current density (  J ) and open-circuit voltage (V ) at the same time, differing from the commonly used end group engineering that is generally unable to realize simultaneous enhancement in both V and J . Finally, the single-junction OSCs based on these acceptors in combination with the widely polymer donor PTB7-Th yield J as high as 26.00 mA cm and PCE as high as 12.3%.