Synergism of testosterone propionate with growth hormone in promoting growth of hypophysectomized rats: effect of sexual differentiation

Klindt, J.; Ford, J. J.; Macdonald, G. J.

doi:10.1677/joe.0.1270249

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In hypophysectomized male rats, administration of GH combined with TP results in greater body weight gain than GH administration alone [20]. This study indicated that testosterone synergized with GH to promote body weight gain [20]. According to a prior report concerning the effect of KP, KP has an anit-gastric ulcer effect in rats by increasing the gastric wall mucus content and reducing the size of gastric ulcers induced by indomethacine, HCl/EtOH, and water immersion restraint [2].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…Furthermore, adult male and female rats injected daily with growth hormone (GH) have significant gains in body weight [18,19], suggesting that GH stimulates the rate of body weight gain. In hypophysectomized male rats, administration of GH combined with TP results in greater body weight gain than GH administration alone [20]. This study indicated that testosterone synergized with GH to promote body weight gain [20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

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Effect of Daily Treatment with Thai Herb, Kaempferia parviflora, in Hershberger Assay Using Castrated Immature Rats

et al. 2007

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Abstract. The aim of the present study was to investigate the testosterone-like effect of Kaempferia parviflora (KP). Castrated immature rats were randomized and divided into two groups (control and KP-treatment groups). The rats (n=7-8) were treated daily for 5 days by oral route with water in the control group and 1,000 mg/kg of KP in the treatment group. All rats were decapitated 24 h after their last dose and then blood samples were collected for assay of serum FSH, LH, testosterone, progesterone and corticosterone levels. The seminal vesicles plus coagulating glands, ventral prostate, levator ani muscle plus bulbocavernosus muscle, glans penis, kidneys and the adrenal glands were collected and weighed for organ wet weight. Body weight and weight of food intake were recorded throughout the study period. The results show that relative body weight gain in the KP-treatment group was significantly increased 24 and 48 h after the first dose (P<0.05) and then was indistinguishable from the control group. There were no significant differences in the relative reproductive and non-reproductive organ weights between the groups, although all organ weights, except for the glans penis, tended to increase in the KP-treatment group. The serum testosterone levels were significantly increased in the KP-treatment group. There were no significant differences in the serum FSH, LH, progesterone, or corticosterone levels between the groups, even though the serum progesterone level tended to increase and serum LH level tended to decrease in the KP-treatment group. The present study indicates that KP has no testosterone-like effect on reproduction in male rats.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Effect of Daily Treatment with Thai Herb, Kaempferia parviflora, in Hershberger Assay Using Castrated Immature Rats

et al. 2007

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“…The contribution of testosterone to weight gain was similar in the presence (castrated group) or absence (hypophysectomized group) of GH, and hence cannot be attributed to testosterone-induced GH secretion (Martin et al 1979) or derived from a synergism between testosterone and GH (Simpson et al 1944, Klindt et al 1990. Our results are in agreement with those of Simpson et al (1944), but in contrast to others, who found that weight gain in response to testosterone was substantially higher in the presence of GH, suggesting that GH may mediate the effect of testosterone on weight (Scow 1952, Jansson et al 1983.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…These examples demonstrate the capacity of testosterone to stimulate growth, independent of GH or its action. Studies performed in hypophysectomized rats have shown a synergism of testosterone with GH in promoting somatic growth (Simpson et al 1944, Klindt et al 1990 or tibial EGP growth (Geschwind & Li 1955). The mechanism(s) whereby testosterone induces these changes is the subject of the present study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testosterone effect on growth and growth mediators of the GH-IGF-I axis in the liver and epiphyseal growth plate of juvenile rats

Zung

Phillip²,

Chalew³

et al. 1999

Journal of Molecular Endocrinology

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Several studies have suggested that testosterone may have a direct, GH-independent effect on growth. In order to assess possible mechanism(s) whereby testosterone exerts its growth-promoting effect, we evaluated its effect on growth mediators of the GH-IGF-I axis, in both the liver and the epiphyseal growth plate (EGP). Testosterone was administered to peripubertal rats and the responses of mRNA of GH receptor, IGF-I, IGF-I receptor and IGF-binding proteins-1 and -3 (IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-3) as well as circulating IGF-I were evaluated in two time-related models: over 12 h after a single injection (short-term study) and 10 days after continuous administration (long-term study). Rats in the short-term study were castrated and were killed 1, 4, 6 and 12 h post injection. Rats in the long-term study were divided into two groups: castrated vs castrated and hypophysectomized, in order to assess the effect of testosterone in the presence and absence of GH. mRNA levels were determined by RNase protection assay, and serum IGF-I by RIA.Testosterone enhanced weight gain in the rats treated for 10 days, a change that was similar in the presence or absence of GH. This effect was relatively small, however, by comparison with the total weight gained without testosterone. Testosterone had no effect on hepatic IGF-I mRNA abundance but induced a reduction in circulating IGF-I levels, in both the short-and long-term study. Testosterone had no effect on hepatic GH receptor and IGFBP-3 mRNA levels but resulted in a transient, short-term elevation in IGFBP-1 mRNA levels that was maximal 4 h post injection.In the EGP, neither testosterone administration nor hypophysectomy had any effect on IGF-I and IGF-I receptor mRNA levels. However, testosterone increased GH receptor mRNA abundance after 10 days of continuous administration in hypophysectomized rats only.These data suggest that the effect of testosterone on growth (as assessed by weight gain) is small and is not mediated by changes in hepatic gene expression of IGF-I, IGF-I receptor, IGFBP-1, IGFBP-3 or circulating IGF-I. At the EGP, the testosterone effect on linear growth is not mediated through changes in mRNA abundance of IGF-I and IGF-I receptor. The small but significant elevation of GH receptor mRNA levels in hypophysectomized rats may suggest a testosterone-mediated augmentation of a GH effect at the target organ.

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“…The results of Experiment 3 indicate that this mechanism is not valid in older animals, however, since testosterone increased growth rate in both groups of hypophysectomized rats. Klindt et al (19) have also demonstrated an effect of testosterone on body weight after hypophysectomy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

A re-evaluation of the anabolic effect of testosterone in rats: interactions with gonadectomy, adrenalectomy and hypophysectomy

Woodward

1993

Acta Endocrinologica

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Woodward CJH. A re-evaluation of the anabolic effect of testosterone in rats: interactions with gonadectomy, adrenalectomy and hypophysectomy. Acta Endocrinol 1993;128:473-7. ISSN 0001-5598 Growth and body composition were determined in rats implanted with silastic tubes containing testosterone. The implant (i) had no effect on growth in intact males, (ii) restored the sub-normal weight gain of gonadectomized males to normal (+ 30%; p<0.01), (iii) substantially increased weight gain in intact females (+ 172%; p<0.001), and (iv) caused a further increase (+32%; p<0.01) in the accelerated weight gain resulting from ovariectomy. In intact animals of both sexes, testosterone caused significant atrophy of the reproductive tissues; this was accompanied in females by reduced plasma estradiol concentrations. Thus the large effect of testosterone on growth in intact females is probably due to diminished secretion of ovarian estradiol, and is distinct from the smaller effect observed in castrated animals of both sexes. To investigate the mechanism underlying the latter response, testosterone was implanted in rats which had been both adrenalectomized and gonadectomized, and also in hypophysectomized animals. In each case a significant anabolic effect was observed, showing that the response requires neither adrenal nor pituitary glands. In all experiments, increased body weights resulting from testosterone treatment consisted at least partly of fat-free mass. CJH Woodward, It is widely assumed that testosterone has an anabolic effect, meaning that it increases body weight and muscle mass (1). For the rat, however, the underlying experi¬ mental evidence is to some extent equivocal (2). Much work has focused on changes in the levator ani muscle, although this tissue is part of the male reproductive system, and is morphologically dissimilar from skeletal muscle (3). In intact adult male rats, most studies have failed to show any increase in overall body weight after testosterone treatment (e.g. 4). In castrate males and in intact female rats there is more general agreement that androgen treatment increases weight gain (4-6).In the present experiments, it was considered that hormone implants might result in more stable plasma testosterone levels than the injected hormone used in previous studies. Accordingly, growth, body composi¬ tion and plasma steroid concentrations have been monitored in intact and gonadectomized rats with or without hormone implants. The effects of adrenalectomy and hypophysectomy have also been studied. Materials and methods AnimalsExperiments were carried out under the Animals (Scien¬ tific Procedures) Act 1986 of the UK. Wistar rats were given chow diet ad libitum. Water was also given ad libitum, except to adrenalectomized (ADX) rats, which received NaCl solution (0.15 mol/1). Weight gain was followed for at least one week before implantation, and the animals divided into groups of similar pre-operative weight and growth rate. Testosterone implants were made by a method adapted from Pirke and Spyra (...

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Synergism of testosterone propionate with growth hormone in promoting growth of hypophysectomized rats: effect of sexual differentiation

Cited by 13 publications

References 15 publications

Effect of Daily Treatment with Thai Herb, Kaempferia parviflora, in Hershberger Assay Using Castrated Immature Rats

Effect of Daily Treatment with Thai Herb, Kaempferia parviflora, in Hershberger Assay Using Castrated Immature Rats

Testosterone effect on growth and growth mediators of the GH-IGF-I axis in the liver and epiphyseal growth plate of juvenile rats

A re-evaluation of the anabolic effect of testosterone in rats: interactions with gonadectomy, adrenalectomy and hypophysectomy

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