Synergism of mechanical activation and sulfurization to recover copper from waste printed circuit boards

Ou, Zhiyuan; Li, Jinhui

doi:10.1039/c4ra08265f

Cited by 20 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 50 publications

(51 reference statements)

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“…32,33 Also, the reduction of the particle size and the increase of the specic surface area enhance the metal leaching with the ball milling. In Ou's paper, 60 the average particle size dropped to around 10 mm aer 20 minutes' milling. These physical and chemical changes help to decrease activation energy in order to make metal extraction easier.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Application of mechanochemistry to metal recovery from second-hand resources: a technical overview

Wang

2015

Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts

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In the context of huge imbalance between increasing demand for metals and the finiteness of metal resources in nature, recycling metal from second-hand resources, especially e-waste, is of great importance, to embrace the sustainability challenge. Inspired by its hundreds of uses in extractive metallurgy, mechanochemistry has been introduced to recover metals from waste since the 1990s. The mechanochemical recycling process is technically feasible to recover metals from waste in a high yield, such as Pb recovery from cathode ray tube (CRT) funnel glass, Li and Co recovery from lithium-ion batteries, rare earth recovery from fluorescent lamps. In recovery from LCD screens, Cu recovery from waste printed circuit boards and Au, Mo and Ni recovery from waste. Particle size reduction, specific surface area increase, crystalline structure decomposition and bond breakage have been identified as the main changes induced by the mechanochemical processes in the studies. Also, the activation energy required decreases and reaction activity increases, subsequently. This paper presents a technical overview of the applications of mechanochemistry to metal recycling from waste. The current application pattern, reaction mechanisms, equipment used, method procedures, and the future research direction are discussed in detail. This work presents the limitation of current mechanochemical application in metal recovery and gives a perspective of the future development of mechanochemistry as well.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Ou's work 60 provides another interesting alternative route. Second-hand resources are like synthetic materials, not natural minerals, so there exists a great difference between the states of metal being present in second-hand resources and in natural minerals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of mechanochemistry to metal recovery from second-hand resources: a technical overview

Wang

2015

Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts

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“…In general, mechanochemical synthesis reduces the number of steps and saves time in the preparation of products ( Ou et al, 2015 ). The synthesis of CuS NPs in a laboratory mill in 10 s was described in ( Balaz et al, 2016 ), as well as many other works have reported the successful synthesis of CuS in a short time ( Wang et al, 2006 ; Wang and Tan, 2010 ; Ou and Li, 2014 ). On an industrial scale, 60 min of milling was necessary to produce 7,500 g of CuS in one batch using an industrial eccentric vibrating mill ( Achimovičová et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanochemical Preparation, Characterization and Biological Activity of Stable CuS Nanosuspension Capped by Bovine Serum Albumin

et al. 2022

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The biocompatible nanosuspension of CuS nanoparticles (NPs) using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a capping agent was prepared using a two-stage mechanochemical approach. CuS NPs were firstly synthetized by a high-energy planetary ball milling in 15 min by milling elemental precursors. The stability of nanoparticles in the simulated body fluids was studied, revealing zero copper concentration in the leachates, except simulated lung fluid (SLF, 0.015%) and simulated gastric fluid (SGF, 0.078%). Albumin sorption on CuS NPs was studied in static and dynamic modes showing a higher kinetic rate for the dynamic mode. The equilibrium state of adsorption was reached after 90 min with an adsorption capacity of 86 mg/g compared to the static mode when the capacity 59 mg/g was reached after 2 h. Then, a wet stirred media milling in a solution of BSA was introduced to yield the CuS-BSA nanosuspension, being stable for more than 10 months, as confirmed by photon cross-correlation spectroscopy. The fluorescent properties of the nanosuspension were confirmed by photoluminescence spectroscopy, which also showed that tryptophan present in the BSA could be closer to the binding site of CuS than the tyrosine residue. The biological activity was determined by in vitro tests on selected cancer and non-tumor cell lines. The results have shown that the CuS-BSA nanosuspension inhibits the metabolic activity of the cells as well as decreases their viability upon photothermal ablation.

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“…Regardless of the extraction method used, pretreatment plays a crucial role in the overall recovery process since metallic parts of WPCBs often need to be separated from encasing them polymer or ceramic materials before the extraction . Milling or pulverization is one of the most effective and widespread methods of this kind, it was repeatedly used by the different researchers to achieve high metal extraction rates . A new technique applying organic solvents for separation of WPCB components was reported in a recent past by a few groups of researchers .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Separation and purification of metal and fiberglass extracted from waste printed circuit boards using milling and dissolution techniques

Tatariants

Yousef

Денафас

et al. 2018

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

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Pulverization operations are extensively used in the recycling of waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs) for liberation of metal and fiberglass in powder shape. The types of liberated metals can vary greatly, for instance it can be copper, tin, lead, aluminum, nickel, gold, palladium, and so forth. However, the obtained metal and nonmetal particles remain contaminated by hazardous material—Brominated Epoxy Resin (BER) what can result in series of environmental and health issues during the further processing. The developed approach was focused on the extraction of uncontaminated copper and fiberglass (which are considered the basic elements that can make up >50% of total WPCB weight) in the form of micro‐particles. To achieve this goal, WPCB samples were cut from areas with high copper concentration while the other components like solder and through‐hole pads (containing other metals) were avoided. At the next step, high energy ball milling was used to grind WPCBs and obtain BER/metal and BER/fiberglass particles. After that, Dimethylformamide (DMF) and ultrasonication were used for dissolution of BER in the powder at a low temperature 50°C, whereas the total treatment time was 4 h and solid to liquid ratio was 1:6 (w/v). Finally, centrifugation was employed to separate the liquid phase (BER/DMF solution) from solid phase (metal and fiberglass particles). The experiments were conducted on five WPCB samples of the same weight that were cut from the five different WPCB models. After the experiments used DMF was regenerated by a rotary evaporator. Ultraviolet‐Visible Spectroscopy, metallographic microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and SEM‐EDS were used to examine the structure of recovered BER, fiberglass, regenerated DMF, and base metal compositions of each sample. The results showed that the metal composition of samples directly depended on WPCB model types. Also, the treatment significantly improved the purity of the extracted fiberglass, therefore it can be used as a high‐purity micro‐filler material for composite applications; the same purification was observed for recovered copper. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 37: 1901–1907, 2018

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Synergism of mechanical activation and sulfurization to recover copper from waste printed circuit boards

Abstract: This work proposed a synergistic route of mechanic activation and sulfurization to recover copper from waste printed circuit boards for the first time and take successful use of free radical theory in assessing the synergism mechanism.

Cited by 20 publications

References 50 publications

Application of mechanochemistry to metal recovery from second-hand resources: a technical overview

Application of mechanochemistry to metal recovery from second-hand resources: a technical overview

Mechanochemical Preparation, Characterization and Biological Activity of Stable CuS Nanosuspension Capped by Bovine Serum Albumin

Separation and purification of metal and fiberglass extracted from waste printed circuit boards using milling and dissolution techniques

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