Synergism of Malathion Against Resistant House Flies and Mosquitoes

Plapp, Frederick W.; Bigley, Walter S.; Chapmen, Gary A.; Eddy, Gaines W.

doi:10.1093/jee/56.5.643

Cited by 50 publications

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“…Piperonyl butoxide (PBO), which inhibits mixed-function oxidases (Farnham 1998), and triphenyl phosphate (TPP), which inhibits carboxyesterases (Plapp et al 1963), were used to determine if metabolic resistance to pyrethroid insecticides was present in head lice resistant colonies established in Buenos Aires.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance to Insecticides and Effect of Synergists on Permethrin Toxicity in <I>Pediculus capitis</I> (Anoplura: Pediculidae) from Buenos Aires

et al. 2000

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Permethrin-resistant colonies of Pediculus capitis (De Geer) from Buenos Aires were used to establish a resistance profile and to examine resistance mechanisms. All permethrin-resistant head lice (resistance ratio from 52.8 to > 88.7) were also resistant to d-phenothrin (resistance ratio from 40.86 to > 48.39) and deltamethrin (resistance ratio from 16.24 to 38.06). No cross-resistance to carbaryl was found in any of the pyrethroid-resistant P. capitis tested. Otherwise, all resistant colonies showed low to high levels of resistance to beta-cypermethrin. This pyrethroid had never been applied as a pediculicide in Argentina; however, the high level of resistance found in these permethrin-resistant colonies (resistance ratio from 9.74 to 50.97) demonstrated that pyrethroid cross-resistance occurred to this novel insecticide. Treatment with piperonyl butoxide (PBO) or triphenylphosphate (TPP) significantly decreased the toxicity of permethrin in the four colonies tested. The esterase inhibitor TPP produced lower enhancement of toxicity than the multifunction oxidase inhibitor PBO in the colonies having the highest resistance levels. Results presented here concerning the cross-resistance profile and synergism by enzyme inhibitors in permethrin-resistant head lice demonstrated that enhanced metabolism was involved in the pyrethroid resistance. However, the substantial degree of resistance that remained after synergism suggested the presence of another resistance mechanism. Cross-resistance to pyrethroid and susceptibility to the carbamate carbaryl suggested a common action mechanism.

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confidence: 99%

Resistance to Insecticides and Effect of Synergists on Permethrin Toxicity in <I>Pediculus capitis</I> (Anoplura: Pediculidae) from Buenos Aires

et al. 2000

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“…The decrease in resistance to methomyl suggests that malathion and methomyl resistance are unconnected and may have evolved independently in the P-strain. DEF synergized malathion not only by inhibiting carboxylesterase in Culex tarsalis (Plapp et aL, 1963), but also through its broad action on a wide range of esterases (Bell & Busvine, 1967;Georghiou et aL, 1975). This suggests that malathion and resmethrin resistance are related.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…DEF was added to each insecticide concentration after dilution (Plapp et al, 1963). Preliminary data on cross-resistance suggested use of the esterase inhibitor, DEF, to clarify the mechanism of resistance to malathion and resmethrin.…”

Section: Insectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory selection of greenhouse whitefly for resistance to malathion

Elhag

Horn

1984

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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A strain of the greenhouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae)) with a history of insecticide exposure was selected with malathion sufficient to cause 80-90% mortality. After 13 generations, malathion resistance had increased 55-fold, and a slight (1.7 X) increase in resmethrin resistance was noted. There was no cross-resistance to dichlorvos, methomyl or permethrin.DEF (S,S,S-tributyl phosphorotrithioate) synergized malathion (18.6 ×) and resmethrin (3.4 X). This suggested involvement of esterases in resistance of whiteflies to insecticides.Throughout selection, the resistant strain showed a high proportion of females. Virgin females of both resistant and parent strains produced males only.

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“…Synergistic factors (i.e. the LD5o divided by the LD5o of synergised insecticide) have been calculated from these data and also from data of PLAPP et al (1961PLAPP et al ( , 1963PLAPP et al ( , 1966; they are set out in Table II. Tables I and II, therefore, show the comparative effectiveness of various synergists (mixed, usually, with malathion) for no,rmal and malathion-resistant strains.…”

Section: Resijltsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(BUSVlNE, BELL & GUNEIDY, 1963). More variable results have been obtained with houseflies (PLAPP et al, 1963, PLAPP 86 TONe, 1966, MATSUMURA ~r HOGENDIJK, 1964, BIGLEY, 1966. The exceptional sensitivity of mammalian carboxyesterase to inhibitors is shown by the action of EPN, which suppresses carboxyesterase metabolites of malathion while permitting an increase in phosphate products (SEUME & O'BRIEN, 1961a).…”

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confidence: 99%

SYNERGISM OF ORGANOPHOSPHATES IN MUSCA DOMESTICA AND CHRYSOMYA PUTORIA

Bell

Busvine

1967

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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A series of symmetrical trisubstituted phosphorus compounds was tested as synergists for malathion and certain other organophosphorus insecticides against resistant and normal strains of Chrysomya putoria and Musca domestica. All the compounds synergised the insecticides more effectively against resistant than normal strains. This was especially true with malathion, notably with the C. putoria strain the resistance of which is highly specific for malathion. A 5: 1 mixture of the best synergists virtually abolished its resistance. Among the “synergists” tested, the two best were common to the C. putoria and the two different resistant strains of M. domestica; these two synergists were also outstanding against Culex tarsalis larvae, as reported by other authors. In addition to the synergistic action on malathion, the better compounds were also effective in reducing resistance to other phosphorus insecticides (Dicapthon, parathion, coumaphos) though not quite so effectively. It is concluded that their action is not entirely specific for suppressing carboxyesterase detoxication. Zusammenfassung SYNERGISMUS VON ORGANOPHOSPHATEN BEI MUSCA DOMESTICA UND CHRYSOMYA PUTORIA Eine Reihe symmetrisch dreifach substituierter Phosphorverbindungen wurde als Synergisten für Malathion und gewisse andere Organophosphat‐Insektizide gegenüber resistenten und normalen Stämmen von Chrysomya putoria und Musca domestica geprüft. Alle diese Verbindungen verstärkten die Insektizide gegen resistente Stämme wirkungsvoller als gegen normale. Das galt besonders für Malathion, vor allem bei dem C. putoria‐Stamm, dessen Resistenz gegenüber Malathion hoch spezifisch ist. Ein 5: 1‐Gemisch der besten Synergisten hob seine Resistenz praktisch auf. Unter den geprüften “Synergisten” waren die zwei besten C. putoria und den beiden verschiedenen resistenten Stämmen von M. domestica gemeinsam; diese beiden Synergisten wirkten auch gegenüber Culex tarsalis‐Larven ausgezeichnet, wie andere Autoren berichteten. Neben der synergistischen Wirksamkeit für Malathion reduzierten die besseren Verbindungen auch die Resistenz anderer Phosphor‐Insektizide (Dicapthon, Parathion, Coumaphos), wenn auch nicht ganz so vollkommen. Es wird geschlossen, daß ihre Wirkungsweise für die Unterdrückung der Carboxyesterase‐Entgiftung nicht ganz spezifisch ist.

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Synergism of Malathion Against Resistant House Flies and Mosquitoes

Cited by 50 publications

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Resistance to Insecticides and Effect of Synergists on Permethrin Toxicity in <I>Pediculus capitis</I> (Anoplura: Pediculidae) from Buenos Aires

Resistance to Insecticides and Effect of Synergists on Permethrin Toxicity in <I>Pediculus capitis</I> (Anoplura: Pediculidae) from Buenos Aires

Laboratory selection of greenhouse whitefly for resistance to malathion

SYNERGISM OF ORGANOPHOSPHATES IN MUSCA DOMESTICA AND CHRYSOMYA PUTORIA

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