Syndecan‐1 (CD 138) surface expression marks cell type and differentiation in ameloblastoma, keratocystic odontogenic tumor, and dentigerous cyst

Abstract

J Oral Pathol Med (2013)42: 186–193 Background: The altered expression of syndecan‐1 (SD‐1), a transmembrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan, in ameloblastomas and cysts of odontogenic origin suggests that this molecule could have prognostic value in assessing the clinical outcome of those lesions. The purpose of this study was to analyze SD‐1 expression profile immunohistochemically in archival, paraffin‐embedded tissue sections of ameloblastomas and in common odontogenic cysts arising from the same locale. Methods: SD‐1 expression was investigated in 32 ameloblastomas, 26 keratocystic odontogenic tumors (KCOT), and 21 dentigerous cysts from the archives of the histopathology laboratory which were routinely processed. The cases were reviewed and assessed according to the established criteria. Sections were immunostained with monoclonal antibody against SD‐1 (CD138). Sections of normal oral mucosa, site matched, were stained in parallel as positive controls. The plasma cells in sections served as internal positive controls. Results: SD‐1 expression was observed in the epithelial and stromal elements of the sections, and the expression was significantly associated with the lesion’s extension and involvement of adjacent structures (P = 0.025). Stellate‐reticulum cells showed higher expression than the ameloblasts, which was at a significant level (P < 0.0001). Highly significant difference was reported among the three groups of lesion for the epithelial staining (P < 0.0001). The mean rank scores (Kruskal–Wallis test) of ameloblastomas were significantly lower than those of KCOT and dentigerous cysts. Non‐significant comparison was made between KCOT and dentigerous cyst groups. Conclusions: The present study revealed SD‐1 immunoreactivity in the stromal cells of ameloblastoma, KCOT, and dentigerous cysts rather uniformly. This reported SD‐1 expression by the tumor stroma is considered to be associated with poor prognosis of the lesions.

Immunohistochemical characteristics of cystic odontogenic lesions: a comparative study

“…However, it has been demonstrated that CD138 is expressed by the stromal cells in the some neoplastic and non-neoplastic odontogenic lesions (ameloblastoma, KCOT and DC), and ovarian cancers, as well as plasma cells (24,33). It has also been stated that the expression of CD138 is associated with poor prognosis (24,33). CD138 (syndecan 1) shifting from epithelium to stroma was reported in invasive non-odontogenic solid tumors including breast, prostate, lung, and colon cancers (21).…”

“…Although there are several studies related to role of these proteins in odontogenic lesions in English literature (8,9,18,24,(27)(28)(29), no comparative and comprehensive study, in which the expression of these proteins or adhesion molecules in odontogenic cystic lesions have been evaluated, to our knowledge. Therefore, we aim to evaluate the immunohistochemical expressions of CD138 (syndecan-1), CD38, E-cadherin and survivin in these cystic odontogenic lesions and investigate the potential implications of their expressions among these lesions.…”

“…Loss of CD138 expression is associated with increased invasive and metastatic potential in carcinomas (22). It has been suggested that CD138 is essential for the maintenance of epithelial morphology and control of cytoskeletal organization and its expression has prognostic value in clinical outcome of ameloblastomas and odontogenic cysts (24).…”

“…CD138 is normally expressed in the epithelial cells and some mesenchymal cells such as plasma cells and immature B lymphocytes. However, it has been demonstrated that CD138 is expressed by the stromal cells in the some neoplastic and non-neoplastic odontogenic lesions (ameloblastoma, KCOT and DC), and ovarian cancers, as well as plasma cells (24,33). It has also been stated that the expression of CD138 is associated with poor prognosis (24, 33).…”

Molecular etiopathogenesis of ameloblastoma – current concepts revisited

“…[6] Al-Otaibi et al, (2013) studied SDC-1 immunoreactivity in the stromal cells of AB, keratocystic odontogenic tumor (KCOT), and dentigerous cysts and it was suggested that the SDC-1 expression by the tumor stroma is considered to be associated with poor prognosis of the lesions. [7] Heikinheimo et al, (1991) stated that there is an association between the stronger labeling of α5β1 integrin in the neoplastic cells of ABs and greater migration capacity of these cells because of increased fi bronectin expression in stromal cells. [8] Later, Souza Andrade et al, (2007) studied the role of α5β1 integrin in AB, adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT), and proposed that the mechanism of tumor invasion might be because of α5β1 integrin binding to fi bronectin which in turn increases the secretion and expression of metalloproteinases.…”