Syncytia formation of mosquito cell cultures mediated by type 2 dengue virus

Suitor, Earl C.; Paul, Frances J.

doi:10.1016/0042-6822(69)90162-7

Cited by 31 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Infections of cultured mosquito cells with different flaviviruses can manifest a marked cytopathic effect characterized by extensive fusion [23,26]. On the other hand some viruses, such as the 17 D vaccine strain of yellow fever (YF), show no cytopathogenicity and establish persistent infections in invertebrate cell cultures [29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in fusogenicity and mouse neurovirulence of Japanese encephalitis viruses

Higgs

Gould

1991

Archives of Virology

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The fusogenic capacity in AP-61 cell monolayers of 10 strains of Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus from different geographic locations was compared. One strain, isolated from Beijing (JE-Bei), did not fuse AP-61 cells after replication (fusion from within; FFWI), whereas all other strains fused these cells by 72 h post-infection. JE-Bei also readily established a non-cytolytic persistent infection in AP-61 cells. Differences in the envelope proteins of fusogenic and non-fusogenic virus were detected by haemagglutination-inhibition tests and by antigenic analysis using monoclonal antibodies. Yields of infectious virus in either AP-61 or Vero cell cultures were similar if JE-Bei was compared with the fusogenic strain (JE-Sar) but yields of haemagglutinin were 50-100 fold higher with the non-fusogenic virus, implying excessive generation of non-infectious particles. When added directly to AP-61 cell monolayers at pH6, only JE-Bei produced significant fusion from without (FFWO) presumably reflecting the larger quantity of antigen. Cell monolayers persistently infected with JE-Bei or monolayers treated with UV-inactivated JE-Bei, were resistant to superinfection with JE, West Nile and dengue 2 viruses but were susceptible to infection with the alphavirus Sindbis. When administered intracerebrally (I/C) to newborn and weanling mice, the viruses were equally neurovirulent. However, fusogenic JE-Sar was significantly more neurovirulent than JE-Bei for weanling mice after intraperitoneal (I/P) or subcutaneous (S/C) inoculation. Mice given non-fusogenic JE-Bei, resisted the peritoneal challenge with fusogenic JE-Sar, and West Nile but not Semliki Forest virus when given 6 h after the first virus. The potential significance of cell fusion by JE virus and interference through over production of non-infectious virus, is discussed in the context of JE virus virulence.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in fusogenicity and mouse neurovirulence of Japanese encephalitis viruses

Higgs

Gould

1991

Archives of Virology

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“…Aedes albopictus, along with Aedes aegypti, is considered to be one of the most important dengue virus (DENV) vectors, with an even higher level of susceptibility to dengue virus than A. aegypti (37). The Aedes albopictus C6/36 cell line has become very important in the study of arboviruses because of its wide range of susceptibilities to different viruses and its ability to produce plaques with a number of them (16,44). It was described in early studies that some Aedes albopictus cell lines developed in the late 1960s presented contamination with multiple viruses, such as parvovirus, togavirus, and orbivirus-like particles (26).…”

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confidence: 99%

Espirito Santo Virus: a New Birnavirus That Replicates in Insect Cells

Vancini

Paredes

Ribeiro

et al. 2012

J Virol

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Espirito Santo virus (ESV) is a newly discovered virus recovered as contamination in a sample of a virulent strain of dengue-2 virus (strain 44/2), which was recovered from a patient in the state of Espirito Santo, Brazil, and amplified in insect cells. ESV was found to be dependent upon coinfection with a virulent strain of dengue-2 virus and to replicate in C6/36 insect cells but not in mammalian Vero cells. A sequence of the genome has been produced by de novo assembly and was not found to match to any known viral sequence. An incomplete match to the nucleotide sequence of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase from Drosophila X virus (DXV), another birnavirus, could be detected. Mass spectrometry analysis of ESV proteins found no matches in the protein data banks. However, peptides recovered by mass spectrometry corresponded to the de novo-assembled sequence by BLAST analysis. The composition and three-dimensional structure of ESV are presented, and its sequence is compared to those of other members of the birnavirus family. Although the virus was found to belong to the family Birnaviridae, biochemical and sequence information for ESV differed from that of DXV, the representative species of the genus Entomobirnavirus. Thus, significant differences underscore the uniqueness of this infectious agent, and its relationship to the coinfecting virus is discussed.

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“…The precise requirements for fusion of these cells are not known, but whether or not fusion occurs and the degree of fusion appear to be influenced by the strains of virus and cells used, the composition and pH of the medium, the age of the culture, and the surface on which cells are grown (glass or plastic) (Suitor & Paul, 1969;Ng & Westaway, 1980;Edwards & Brown, 1984;Koblet et al, 1987;Summers et al, 1989). In contrast to the situation with mosquito cells, there has been only one report describing the fusion of flavivirus-infected vertebrate cells; this report described the fusion of a specific clone of BHK-21 cells (BHK-21-528) following infection with St Louis encephalitis (SLE), Japanese encephalitis (JE) or West Nile (WN) viruses (Ueba & Kimura, 1977).…”

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confidence: 99%

Low pH-induced Cell Fusion in Flavivirus-infected Aedes Albopictus Cell Cultures

Randolph¹,

Stollar²

1990

Journal of General Virology

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Cell-to-cell fusion ofAedes albopictus (mosquito) cells infected with dengue and St Louis encephalitis (SLE) flaviviruses was induced by exposure to low pH. The parameters of this low pH-induced fusion were examined. Syncytium formation was maximal in cultures 36 to 48 h post-infection and occurred when cultures were maintained at the acid pH for 15 min at 35 °C. The optimal pH range for fusion was 5.0 to 6.5 for dengue virus-infected cells and 5.0 to 5.5 for SLE virusinfected cells. Syncytia were not observed in vertebrate cells (Vero and BHK) under these conditions despite similar virus yields. Fusion was shown to be ATPdependent and could be prevented by the addition of either polyclonal antiviral antibodies or monoclonal antibody to the envelope glycoprotein. The lysosomotropic amine ammonium chloride inhibited the replication of SLE virus in both mosquito and vertebrate cells, consistent with the idea that low pH-induced fusion is necessary for virus entry into both types.

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Syncytia formation of mosquito cell cultures mediated by type 2 dengue virus

Cited by 31 publications

References 6 publications

Differences in fusogenicity and mouse neurovirulence of Japanese encephalitis viruses

Differences in fusogenicity and mouse neurovirulence of Japanese encephalitis viruses

Espirito Santo Virus: a New Birnavirus That Replicates in Insect Cells

Low pH-induced Cell Fusion in Flavivirus-infected Aedes Albopictus Cell Cultures

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