Synchrony and the social tuning of compassion.

Valdesolo, Piercarlo; DeSteno, David

doi:10.1037/a0021302

Cited by 526 publications

(403 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Previous studies have shown that interactions impact on a number of higher-level perceptuocognitive representations as they change the way we co-represent the physical space [22], display our attention [54], perceive our partner [37,[72][73][74][75] and build a common representation of the task at hand [51]. Here, we expand this knowledge by showing that repeatedly interacting with a partner shapes the way in which the pair communicate and organize their behaviour by aligning their representation of the knowledge shared between individuals.…”

mentioning

confidence: 65%

Interactional leader–follower sensorimotor communication strategies during repetitive joint actions

Candidi

Curioni

Rigoli

et al. 2015

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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Non-verbal communication is the basis of animal interactions. In dyadic leaderfollower interactions, leaders master the ability to carve their motor behaviour in order to 'signal' their future actions and internal plans while these signals influence the behaviour of follower partners, who automatically tend to imitate the leader even in complementary interactions. Despite their usefulness, signalling and imitation have a biomechanical cost, and it is unclear how this cost-benefits trade-off is managed during repetitive dyadic interactions that present learnable regularities. We studied signalling and imitation dynamics (indexed by movement kinematics) in pairs of leaders and followers during a repetitive, rule-based, joint action. Trial-by-trial Bayesian model comparison was used to evaluate the relation between signalling, imitation and pair performance. The different models incorporate different hypotheses concerning the factors (past interactions versus online movements) influencing the leader's signalling (or follower's imitation) kinematics. This approach showed that (i) leaders' signalling strategy improves future couple performance, (ii) leaders used the history of past interactions to shape their signalling, (iii) followers' imitative behaviour is more strongly affected by the online movement of the leader. This study elucidates the ways online sensorimotor communication help individuals align their task representations and ultimately improves joint action performance.

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mentioning

confidence: 65%

Interactional leader–follower sensorimotor communication strategies during repetitive joint actions

Candidi

Curioni

Rigoli

et al. 2015

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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“…This suggests greater success at manipulative matching than entrainment. Bailenson et al (2008) found that mimicry had negative impacts on trustworthiness and warmth judgments when it was explicitly noticedsuggesting a sensitivity to manipulation-whereas even instructed, consciously mediated synchrony (e.g., intentionally walking in time, clapping together, or swinging a cup while singing) can enhance cooperation despite explicit awareness of the behavioral convergence (Valdesolo & DeSteno, 2011;Valdesolo et al, 2010;Wiltermuth & Heath, 2009). Our results fit this pattern, even though language style matching may be less likely than gestural or postural mimicry to be consciously detected, and conscious attempts to match others' language styles are generally unsuccessful (Ireland & Pennebaker, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Convergence of speech rate in conversation predicts cooperation

Manson

Bryant

Gervais

et al. 2013

Evolution and Human Behavior

135

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During conversation, interlocutors coordinate their behavior on many levels. Two distinct forms of behavioral coordination have been empirically linked with affiliation and cooperation during or following face-to-face interaction: behavior matching and interpersonal synchrony. Only the latter form constitutes behavioral entrainment involving a coupling between independent oscillators. We present the first study of the association between spontaneously occurring behavioral coordination and postinteraction economic game-play. Triads of same-sexed strangers conversed for 10 min, after which each participant played an unannounced one-shot prisoner's dilemma (PD) toward each co-participant. When dyads had higher language style matching scores (LSM: Gonzales et al., 2010), the individuals evaluated each other more positively, but they were no more likely to cooperate in the PD. However, when dyads' speech rates (mean syllable duration) converged more strongly from the beginning to the end of the conversation, they were more likely to cooperate in the PD, despite no effect on interpersonal evaluations. Speech rate convergence, a form of rhythmic entrainment, could benefit interlocutors by mutually reducing cognitive processing during interaction.We suggest that spontaneous, temporally-based behavioral coordination might facilitate prosocial behavior when the joint cooperative effort is itself perceived as a form of coordination.

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“…Experimental studies have demonstrated that moving in synchrony with others has a significant effect on people's reported feelings towards interaction partners and leads to the building of affiliation (Hove & Risen, 2009), increased attraction (Nowak, Watt, & Walther, 2005) and compassion (Valdesolo & Desteno, 2011). A number of other studies have used techniques from behavioural economics to investigate to what extent synchrony can affect people's actual behaviour.…”

Section: Synchrony Imitation and Social Interactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Putting Ourselves in Another’s Skin: Using the Plasticity of Self-Perception to Enhance Empathy and Decrease Prejudice

Farmer

Maister

2017

Soc Just Res

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The self is one the most important concepts in social cognition and plays a crucial role in determining questions such as which social groups we view ourselves as belonging to and how we relate to others. In the past decade, the self has also become an important topic within cognitive neuroscience with an explosion in the number of studies seeking to understand how different aspects of the self are represented within the brain. In this paper, we first outline the recent research on the neurocognitive basis of the self and highlight a key distinction between two forms of self-representation. The first is the ''bodily'' self, which is thought to be the basis of subjective experience and is grounded in the processing of sensorimotor signals. The second is the ''conceptual'' self, which develops through our interactions of other and is formed of a rich network of associative and semantic information. We then investigate how both the bodily and conceptual self are related to social cognition with an emphasis on how self-representations are involved in the processing and creation of prejudice. We then highlight new research demonstrating that the bodily and conceptual self are both malleable and that this malleability can be harnessed in order to achieve a reduction in social prejudice. In particular, we will outline strong evidence that modulating people's perceptions of the bodily self can lead to changes in attitudes at the conceptual level. We will highlight a series of studies demonstrating that social attitudes towards various social out-groups (e.g. racial groups) can lead to a reduction in prejudice towards that group. Finally, we seek to place these findings in a broader social context by considering how innovations in virtual reality technology can allow experiences of taking on another's identity are likely to become both more commonplace and more convincing in the future and the various opportunities and risks associated with using such technology to reduce prejudice.

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Synchrony and the social tuning of compassion.

Cited by 526 publications

References 32 publications

Interactional leader–follower sensorimotor communication strategies during repetitive joint actions

Interactional leader–follower sensorimotor communication strategies during repetitive joint actions

Convergence of speech rate in conversation predicts cooperation

Putting Ourselves in Another’s Skin: Using the Plasticity of Self-Perception to Enhance Empathy and Decrease Prejudice

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