Synchronization Failures in a Chain of PLL Synchronizers

Meyr, H.; Popken, L.; Mueller, H.

doi:10.1109/tcom.1986.1096569

Cited by 16 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Such strategies become space and energy inefficient for large systems [ 13 ]. Moreover, hierarchical entrainment is vulnerable to fluctuations and failures, e.g., due to noise and cross-talk [ 11 , 14 ]. Hence it is a challenge to achieve precise and robust synchronization of autonomous clocking units [ 15 , 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-organized synchronization of digital phase-locked loops with delayed coupling in theory and experiment

et al. 2017

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Self-organized synchronization occurs in a variety of natural and technical systems but has so far only attracted limited attention as an engineering principle. In distributed electronic systems, such as antenna arrays and multi-core processors, a common time reference is key to coordinate signal transmission and processing. Here we show how the self-organized synchronization of mutually coupled digital phase-locked loops (DPLLs) can provide robust clocking in large-scale systems. We develop a nonlinear phase description of individual and coupled DPLLs that takes into account filter impulse responses and delayed signal transmission. Our phase model permits analytical expressions for the collective frequencies of synchronized states, the analysis of stability properties and the time scale of synchronization. In particular, we find that signal filtering introduces stability transitions that are not found in systems without filtering. To test our theoretical predictions, we designed and carried out experiments using networks of off-the-shelf DPLL integrated circuitry. We show that the phase model can quantitatively predict the existence, frequency, and stability of synchronized states. Our results demonstrate that mutually delay-coupled DPLLs can provide robust and self-organized synchronous clocking in electronic systems.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-organized synchronization of digital phase-locked loops with delayed coupling in theory and experiment

et al. 2017

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“…Phase jitter builds up along the chain of PLL's. This characteristic is similar to a cascade of digital repeaters, where the clock is recovered by a PLL [4], [5]. Two different failure phenomena can be observed.…”

Section: Phase-locking Electronicsmentioning

confidence: 78%

Array of coupled phase-locked oscillators at 160 GHz

Geist

Hartfuss

1996

IEEE Microw. Guid. Wave Lett.

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Abstruct-A ten-channel millimeter-wave heterodyne phase measurement system is currently under construction. This system will be used for electron density measurement at the plasma experiment W7-AS. Main features are: 1) twofold usage of each 160-GHz oscillator to excite both the transmitting signal to the plasma and the local oscillator (LO) signal for downconversion and 2) the phase-locked loops (PLL's) of each oscillator are coupled in a chain. This letter describes the millimeter-wave part and the digital PLL circuits of that system. Test results of the first three channels, which are already running in the laboratory, are presented.

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“…We consider a system of mutually delay-coupled electronic clocks, so called phase-locked loops (PLLs) [24,25]. Each PLL of the clock networks considered here consists of a phase-detector (PD), a loop-filter (LF), a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO), an inverter (INV) and a feedback-delay component in the feedback path, see Fig.…”

Section: Mutually Delay-coupled Electronic Clocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

How clock heterogeneity affects synchronization and can enhance stability

Punetha¹,

Wetzel²

2019

Preprint

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The production process of integrated electronic circuitry inherently leads to large heterogeneities on the component level. For electronic clock networks this implies detuned intrinsic frequencies and differences in coupling strength and the characteristic time-delays associated with signal transmission, processing and feedback. Using a phase-model description, we study the effects of such component heterogeneity on the dynamical properties of synchronization in networks of mutually delay-coupled Kuramoto oscillators. We test the theory against experimental results and circuit-level simulations in a prototype system of mutually delay-coupled electronic clocks, so called phase-locked loops. Contrary to the hindering effects of component heterogeneity for the synchronization in hierarchical networks, we show that clock heterogeneities can enhance self-organized synchronization in networks with flat hierarchy. That means that beyond the optimizations that can be achieved by tuning homogeneous coupling strengths, time-delays and loop-filter cut-off frequencies, heterogeneities in these system parameters enable much better optimization of perturbation decay rates, the stabilization of synchronous states and the tuning of phase-differences between the clocks. Our theory enables the design of custom-fit synchronization layers according to the specific requirements and properties of electronic systems, such as operational frequencies, phase-relations and e.g. transmission-delays. These results are not restricted to electronic systems, as signal transmission, processing and feedback delays are common to networks of spatially distributed and coupled autonomous oscillators.

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Synchronization Failures in a Chain of PLL Synchronizers

Cited by 16 publications

References 9 publications

Self-organized synchronization of digital phase-locked loops with delayed coupling in theory and experiment

Self-organized synchronization of digital phase-locked loops with delayed coupling in theory and experiment

Array of coupled phase-locked oscillators at 160 GHz

How clock heterogeneity affects synchronization and can enhance stability

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